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Chapter 14 & 15
Term | Definition |
---|---|
totalitarianism | a theory of government in which a single party or leader controls the economic, social, and cultural lives of its people. |
anti-Semitic | prejudice and discrimination against Jewish people. |
Spanish Civil War | Nationalist forces led by General Francisco Franco rebelled against the democratic Republican government of Spain. |
appeasement | policy of granting concessions in order to keep the peace. |
Anchluss | union of Germany and Austria in 1933. |
Munich Pact | agreement made between Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France in 1938 that sacrificed the Sudetenland to preserve peace. |
blitzkrieg | fast pace war, speed of fire power. |
Axis Powers | group of countries led by Germany, Italy, and Japan that fought the Allies in World War 2. |
Allies | group of countries led by Britain, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union that fought the Axis Powers in World War 2. |
Neutrality Act of 1939 | act that allowed nations at war to buy goods and arms in the United States if they paid cash and carried the merchandise on their own ships. |
Tripartite Pact | agreement that created an alliance between Germany, Italy, Japan during World War 2. |
Lend-Lease Act | act passed in 1941 that allowed President Roosevelt to sell or lend war supplies to any country that helped the United States. |
Atlantic Charter | a joint declaration made in August 1941 by Great Britain and the United States during World War 2, that endorsed national self-determination and an international system of general security. |
Pearl Harbor | American military base attacked by the Japanese on December 7, 1941. |
WAC | U.S. American group established during World War 2 so that women could serve in noncombat roles. |
Bataan Death March | the forced march American and Filipino prisoners of war under brutal conditions by the Japanese military. |
Battle of Coral Sea | WW2 battle that took place between Japanese and American aircraft carriers. |
unconditional surrender | giving up completely without any concessions. |
strategic bombing | tactic of dropping bombs on key political and industrial targets. |
Tuskegee Airmen | African Americans squadron that escorted bombers. |
Battle of Midway | turning point in WW2 in the Pacific, in which Japanese advance was stopped. |
Executive Order 8802 | WW2 measure that assured fair hiring practices in any job funded by the government. |
bracero program | plan that brought laborers from Mexico to work on American farms. |
internment | temporary imprisonment of members of a specific group. |
Korematsu v. United States | court upheld the government wartime internment policy between Japanese and Americans. |
442nd Regimental Combat Team | fought in the Italian campaign and became the most decorated military unit in American history. |
rationing | government-controlled limits on the amount of certain goods that civilians could buy during wartime. |
OWI | government agency that encouraged support of the war effort during WW2. |
D-Day | June 6, 1944 the day Allies landed on the beaches of Normandy, France. |
Battle of the Buldge | December 1944, Hitler ordered a counter attack on Allied troops in Belgium. |
island hopping | WW2 strategy that involved seizing selected Japanese-held islands in the Pacific While bypassing others. |
kamikaze | Japanese pilots who deliberately crashed planes into American ships during WW2. |
Manhattan Project | code name for the project that developed the atomic bomb. |
Holocaust | the systematic murder of Jews by the Nazis. |
anti-semitism | prejudice and discrimination against Jewish people. |
Nuremberg Laws | laws enacted by Hitler that denied German citizenship to Jews. |
Kristallnacht | organized attacks on Jewish communities in Germany on November 9, 1938. |
genocide | willful annihilation of racial, political, or cultural group. |
concentration camp | places where they keep the Jews and torture them. |
death camp | Nazi camp designed for the extermination for prisoners. |
War Refugee Board | U.S. government agency founded in 1944 to save Eastern European Jews. |
Yalta Conference | 1945 strategy meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin. |
superpower | powerful country that plays a dominant economic, political, and military role in the world. |
GATT | international agreement first signed in 1947 aimed at lowering trade barriers. |
United Nations | organization founded in 1945 to promote peace. |
Universal Declaration of Human Rights | document issued by the UN to promote basic human rights and freedoms. |
Geneva Convention | international agreement governing the humane treatment of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war. |
Nuremberg Trials | trials in which Nazi leaders were charged with war crimes. |
saturation bombing | dropping massive bombs to have destruction. |