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LD SS QTRLY #1
LD SOCIAL STUDIES - QUARTERLY #1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 13TH AMENDMENT | Abolition of slavery |
| 14TH AMENDMENT | Rights of citizens - Law that all people born in the US are citizens (entitled to "equal protection of the law" and "due process") |
| 15TH AMENDMENT | The right to vote. Prohibited the government from denying a person's right to vote on the basis of race. |
| KU KLUX KLAN | Worked to keep blacks and white republicans out of office. They used threats and violence. |
| LITERACY TESTS | Had to be able to read a section of the Constitution in order to vote. |
| POLL TAX | Had to pay a tax to vote. |
| GRANDFATHER CLAUSE | If a voter's father or grandfather had been eligible to vote on Jan. 1, 1867, then they were excused from literacy test. |
| SEGREGATION | Segregated or separated people by race in public places (Jim Crow Laws) |
| PLESSY VS. FERGUSON | Supreme Court rules that segregation was constitutional as long as facilities were equal (separate but equal) |
| SHARECROPPING | Rented a plot of land and shared a percentage of crops with land owners. |
| WESTWARD MOVEMENT | California Gold Rush (1849), Homestead Act (1862), & Completion of transcontinental railroad (1869) - Factors that encouraged settlement. |
| HOMESTEAD ACT | 1862 - provided free land to settlers who agreed to farm it for at least 5 years. |
| DAWES ACT | Tried to bring Native Americans into white culture by breaking up reservations and tribal groups. |
| MANIFEST DESTINY | The idea popular in the US during the 1800s that the country must expand its boundaries to the Pacific. |
| RESERVATIONS | An area of public lands set aside for Native Americans |
| INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT | 1887 - Congress passed this act which required railroads to charge and publish "reasonable and just rates". Set up the ICC to oversee the railroad. |
| BIG BUSINESS | Reduced competition which increased prices, lower quality products, and less innovation. Result created ICC & Sherman Anti-Trust Act. |
| TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD | Stretched from the East Coast to the West Coast. It was faster, safer, and cheaper |
| INDUSTRIALIZATION | the development of industry on an extensive scale |
| TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FIRE | Outcome of this fire was that the Intercontinental Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU) was created. Created by women because many unions would not admit them. |
| LABOR STRIKES | A work stoppage by employees who are trying to grieve problems in their job. |
| STANDARD OIL COMPANY | Founded by John D. Rockefeller in 1870. He held a monopoly over the oil industry. He lowered his prices, pressured customers not to deal with his rivals, and got railroads to give him special rates. |
| SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST ACT | 1890 - Law that made monopolies and trusts illegal. |
| LABOR UNIONS | Created by dissatisfied workers to demand better pay and working conditions from their employees. |
| KNIGHTS OF LABOR | One of the first unions, organizations of garment cutters and became unpopular because of a waive of strikes (1869-1890s). Leader was Terrence Powderly. |
| AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR (AFL) | Union of skilled workers in various crafts. Founded in 1881 by Samuel Gompers. Purpose: increase wages, create shorter work hours, and improve working conditions. |
| ROBBER BARONS | Owners of large companies who became more powerful and used unfair techniques to earn profits. |
| ASSEMBLY LINE | Method of production in which workers add parts to build a product. |
| CORPORATION | Business owned by investors |
| STOCK/SHARE | Raises money for a business through sale of stock. The investor becomes a shareholder. |
| POPULIST PARTY | Farmers labor union - helped with falling prices, higher railroad rates, income tax, 8 hour work day, and limited on immigration. |
| TRUST | A combination of firms or corporations formed by a legal agreement, especially to reduce competition. |
| MONOPOLIES | Total control of a type of industry by one person or one company |
| URBANIZATION | The movement from farms to cities. Beginning in the 1800s after the Civil War. |
| ASSIMILATION | The process of becoming similar to another culture. |
| NATIVISM | Person who wanted to limit new immigrants to the US. The belief that America should be preserved for the white protestants (Old Immigration) |
| JANE ADDAMS | The leading figure of settlement houses movement. She was from Chicago |
| IMMIGRATION | Coming to live permanently in a foreign country |
| SETTLEMENT HOUSES | A community center offers services to the poor. |
| STATUE OF LIBERTY | Was a symbol of freedom |
| TENEMENT BUILDINGS | Buildings that were divided up into small apartments. Many had no heat, windows, or indoor bathrooms. |
| EMMA LAZARUS | Wrote a poem about who was welcome in the US. According to the poem, the homeless, poor, tired, and tempest-tossed garbage were welcome in America. |
| OLD IMMIGRANTS | Before 1880, they were from WW Europe (England, France, Netherlands), Protestant |
| NEW IMMIGRANTS | Between 1880 & 1921, they came from southern & eastern Europe, Asia, and Latin America; Catholic & Jewish. |
| PUSH FACTORS | Famine (Ireland), Lack of Jobs, Lack of Land, Political & Religious persecution (Jews), poverty, and hardship revolution. |
| PULL FACTORS | Promise of freedom, better life, gold, factory jobs, land out west, chance to join family & friends already settled in US. |
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desilva13
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