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Sociology Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What measures the extent to which parents and their children have similar or different social and economic positions in adulthood?; What is the difference between high and low social mobility? | Social Mobility; High social mobility means large gap and low means small gap |
| What are the four factors that influence social mobility that we talked about in class?; What is a progressive tax system? | Family, Government policies, labor markets, Education It is fair to tax the rich people more. |
| During what time has inequality in the US been the highest?; What is one of the reasons that technological advances has increased inequality?; Contracting parts of the production process to an abroad party is called what? | Modern Day and now; Some technologies decreases jobs that low skilled workers once filled; Out sourcing |
| Davis and Moore said that social stratification was inevitable for 4 reasons…what are they? | Society must make sure positions are filled; Some positions are worth more than others; More qualified people must be offered rewards; More important positions must be filled by more qualified people. |
| Blue and pink collar workers are members of what class?;It is reasonable to think that a family of 4 can survive off of both parents working full time minimum wage jobs (true or false);What are Wallenstein's three categories of the World Systems Theory? | Working class; False; The core nation, periphery, and semi periphery (in-between the first two). |
| According to Structural Functionalism, What are the four dysfunctions of racism? | Discrimination limits the search for leadership; Aggregates social problems; Its costly; Undercuts goodwill between nations. |
| What is a system that permits or encourages ethnic differences?; 2nd or 3rd generation Latinos phasing out speaking Spanish in the home would be considered to be doing what? | Multiculturalism; Assimilation |
| Ideas that there are biological characteristics associated with race making some races superior to others is called what?; What is the only group that can discriminate on the institutional level? | Old racism (note New is ideas and myths placed about races); The dominant group |
| What are the four factors of Environmental Racism?; List 2 of the hazards that residents living near CAFOs (or factory farms) face? | Depressed land values, fewer political and economic resources, less mobility and job availability; Foul smell, run off from lagoons into water supply |
| What is the difference between individual and institutional racism?; Victims targeted because of their social group (religion, age, race, gender, etc.) is called what? | Individual is racism express on small scale, institutional is racism through laws and societal practices in institutions; Hate Crimes |
| What is one way the boundaries of the white category has changed over the past 200 years in the US?; Define the 1 drop rule.; Thinking sociologically, what is one social inequality faced everyday by the residence of Skid Row? | More groups are white such as Irish and Italia; One black grandparent means you are black; The streets are only cleaned by the people, lack of jobs, next to the rich. |
| What is the difference between race and ethnicity?; Race is natural, not man made (true or false)? | Race is inherited and ethnicity is cultural beliefs; Race is manmade so false |
| List two myths of immigration we talked about in class and explain why they are myths. | Immigrants take American jobs; Immigrants send money out of the country in from of remittances; The country is being overwhelmed by immigrants; Majority is undocumented. |
| What group of immigrant is the most common stereotype?; Why are labor immigrants often desirable to many employers in the US?; List two indicators of assimilation. | They are cheap and they do not need the same benefits of normal employees; Socioeconomic status, family structure, geographic location, and status. |
| What is one change to immigration since 9/11?; What does “brain drain” refer to?; Self employed and small business owner immigrants are referred to as what? | Citizenship process take longer and more selective; Is the act leaving ones country for another for a higher paying job usually professional; Entrepreneurial Immigrants. |
| Explain the Emergency Quota Act.; What was the Bracero Program?; | Limits the number of immigrants from the eastern hemisphere by only allowing 3% to come from what was already here; Agreement to import Mexican workers temporarily; |
| How did the Bracero Program hurt Mexican Immigrants? | Poor pay, Bad living conditions, force leave, + the unqualified had no way to get home. |
| What is naturalization?; What was one of the main problems of the literacy test of 1917? | Means that people over 18 are granted citizenship; The literacy test was unfair because people did not know English. |
| What is the difference between refugee and asylum status? | Refugee is when they are in original country and Asylee is in the new country. |
| What is the difference between immigration and emigration?; What are two examples of forced or unhappy immigration? | Immigration is act of leaving the country, Emigration is coming into the country; Holocaust, Cold war, potato famine. |
| In what education, income, and racial groups have birth rates outside of marriage increased?; What group has the highest rate of births outside of marriage? | All of them; Disadvantaged African Americans |
| What is meant by the double standard of sexuality?; The act of living together as an unmarried couple is called what?; What is one group we talked about in class that is most likely to cohabitate? | A man is cheered on for having premarital or promiscuous sex, while a woman is shamed for it; Cohabitation; The Older people that have been through a divorce and the younger generation. |
| What is a sexual minority?; What is it called when culture and institutions say that it is “normal” to be heterosexual?; What is the difference between heterosexualism and homophelia? | Anyone who is not heterosexual; Heteronormativity; Homopheliac is biased from fear and heterosexualism is discriminating someone because they are not heterosexual. |
| List three reasons men still make more money than women in the labor force. List three impacts that the feminist movement has had on men. | More experience, women have kids meaning less time consuming jobs, and discrimination; Men are spending more time at home, men involved more in household duties, and men are more accepting of female employees. |
| What are three reasons for the increase of women in the work force?; What was/is one of the main goals of the feminist movement?; What are the three waves of the feminist movement? | The need for women to work in WWII, surplus of jobs in the 60’s; Giving women entitlement to have a career and family; Greater focus on problems of women in impoverished countries, women’s suffarage, gender equality and laws and culture. |
| What is meant by “nature vs. nurture”?; List two stereotypes in Disney movie seen in the clip I showed in class.; What has been the biggest challenge for women in the past 60-70 years? | Does Nature or Nurture determine ones social and personal behavior; Men are Macho and Manly, Women are giving up everything for men; Equality in the work Force. |
| What is the difference between sex and gender?; What is gender socialization?; List two forms of gender socialization | Sex is biological and gender is ideas of society; Gendr socialization how to socialize girls and boys to be men and women; Toys, clothing, how to act. |
| Awareness of common identity based on ones position in the means of production is…A) Class consciousness B) False consciousness | A |
| List the four principals of social stratification. | trait of society, not reflection of indiv. diff.; carries over from generation to generation; is universal, but varies from culture to culture; involves not just inequality, but also society's beliefs. |
| When asked, most people would say that they are a part of what class? | middle class |
| Components of a persons social class based on education, income, and occupation is what? | socioeconomic status |
| Classifying groups based on socioeconomic status is called what? | social stratification |
| inequality-- | unequal distribution of valued goods + opportunities |
| class-- | group of people in similar soc. + economic situations, similar opportunities in life + same benefits from govt. |
| class analysis-- | study of social classes + when, where, + how they happen |
| false consciousness-- | workers identifying w/ interests + views of capitalists |
| class consciousness-- | awareness of common identity based on one's position in means of production |
| labor markets-- | way workers are hired + promoted; education pays off in labor markets |
| high mobility-- | relatively little connection b/t parents + children |
| low mobility-- | relatively close connection b/t parents + children |
| globalization-- | increasing the flow of goods, services, + jobs across national borders |
| progressive tax system-- | tax rates higher on rich ppl. than poor ppl. w/ idea that it's fairer to ask those who make more to pay more |
| World systems theory parts(3)and name of social scientist: | core(benefit from capitalism); periphery(most poor, lack strong central govt.+ easily controlled by other countries); semi-periphery(b/t the 2 extremes; either core in decline or periphery trying to improve conditions); Immanuel Wallerstein |
| List the classes in Western Society(+ social scientist). | Upper, Upper Middle, Lower Middle, Working, Lower, Underclass; Max Weber |
| Upper class like? | top 1% w/ income over $500,000 a yr.; usually old money; politicians, fortune heirs, celebs, CEOs |
| Upper Middle class like? | 15% of pop., over $100,000 a yr.; lawyers, doctors, engineers |
| Lower Middle class like? | 32% of pop.; $35,000-$75,000; suburbia, some grad. school |
| Working class like? | $16,000-$30,000; pink + blue collar; high school education; sales assoc., teacher aids, truck drivers |
| Lower class like? | 14-20% of pop.; some high school; poor-pay jobs, rely on govt. |
| Underclass like? | homeless + unemployed(though seeking it); no societal class or value; limited or no participation in labor force; total reliance on govt. |
Created by:
hcmeek
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