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Unit 1: Colonization
U 1: European Colon
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Crusades | Christian European armies who invaded the Middle East believing they were on a divine mission to rid the Holy Lands of Muslims |
| Reformation | theological event that divided the Christian church into 2 main areas: Protestantism and Catholicism; touched off further divisions within the Protestant Church |
| Bubonic Plague | disease that killed half of European population and led to the rise of cities and the urban middle class |
| Renaissance | intellectual movement of the 15th century that promoted human achievement, science, and a move away from the Christian church |
| Christopher Columbus | Italian sailor who gained permission from Spanish monarchy to sail west in the hope of finding a shorter route to India; found the Americas |
| Hernando Cortes | Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs and established the Spanish empire in Mexico |
| Columbian Exchange | a system that allowed for the exchange of food, ideas, animals, diseases, and people between Europe and the New World |
| encomienda | system of forced labor involving native peoples in Mexico and the southwest |
| Reasons for exploring and colonizing the new world | gold-riches; God-spread Christianity; glory-conquer the land and gain fame |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | Pope Alexander VI divided the New World between Spain and Portugal to avoid a war |
| mestizo | a person of mixed ancestry: European and Native American |
| Pope | Pueblo Indian who led a rebellion against Spanish priestly authority; forced the Spanish out of the southwest temporarily |
| Conquistadors | Juan Ponce de Leon and Francisco Coronado |
| joint stock company | investors who pool their money to support a colony and hopefully yield a profit |
| Jamestown | 1st colonial town in Virginia colony |
| brown gold | tobacco - cash crop in Virginia |
| indentured servants | individuals who contract to work in the New World in exchange for passage, food, and shelter |
| royal colony | New World colony controlled by the British monarchy |
| Bacon's Rebellion | conflict where VA frontier settlers rebel against the unfair practices of the colonial government and wealthy planters |
| Puritans | Protestants who wanted to purify the church of remaining Catholic elements |
| Pilgrims | Protestants who wanted to separate from the church |
| Quakers | Protestants who oppose violence |
| Mayflower Compact | document outlining colonial self government |
| John Winthrop | colonial leader of Massachusetts Bay Colony |
| Roger Williams | Puritan banished because he protested Puritan prohibition of freedom of religion |
| Anne Hutchinson | Puritan banished because she believed that individuals did not need ministers to interpret the Bible |
| William Penn | founder of the Pennsylvania colony |
| Pequot War | conflict between Puritans, Narrangsetts, and Pequot Indians over loss of land |
| King Philips War | Chief Metacom and Wampanoags who sought to banish European invaders stealing their land |
| Dutch | European fur traders who maintained peaceful relations with native peoples |
| French and Indian War | North American conflict involving France and Britain's competition for resources and land |
| salutary neglect | allowed colonial governments to gain and strengthen political power |
| Navigation Acts | restricted colonial trade to England only |
| Proclamation of 1763 | British declaration that banned western settlement across the Appalachian mountains |
| mercantilism | favorable balance of trade whereby a nation exports more than it imports |
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SEarCH13-14
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