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Methods 3 Midterm
NWHSU Methods 3 Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define P.A.R.T.S? | P-pain, A-asymmetry, R-Range of motion, T-tissue,tone,texture,temperature, S-special test |
| What to document for pain? | Location, quality, intensity |
| What are the 4 things to ask a patient about pain? | 1-to localize the pain, 2-describe the pain, 3-rate the pain 0/10, 4-pain radiation |
| What are the 5 types of movement in ROM? | 1-Joint play, 2-End feel, 3-Active, 4-Passive, 5-Pathological |
| What are two examples of accessory joint movements? | Joint play & End feel |
| PARTS is? | Objective findings for subluxation |
| What is the visceral relationship of the upper thoracic? | Cardio/Resp |
| What is the visceral relationship of the mid thoracic? | Upper GI |
| What is the visceral relationship of the lower thoracic? | Lower GI/GU |
| What is the visceral relationship of the C3-5? | Hiccups |
| Define Hypermobile Joints? | Stable under normal loads. May exhibit increased segmental mobility in only one plane. |
| Define Joint Instability? | More advanced and Irreversible changes in the joints stabilizing structures. Multiple planes of aberrant joint movement. Treatment should include spinal stabilzation. |
| Define S.O.A.P? | S-Subjective, O-objective, A-assessment, P-Plan/procedure |
| What does the S stand for in SOAP? | Subjective - Patients report |
| What does the O stand for in SOAP? | Objective - Doctors findings |
| What does the A stand for in SOAP? | Assessment- Diagnosis and how problem is doing |
| What does the P stand for in SOAP? | Plan/Procedure - What was done and said to patient |
| What is the problem with static Xrays? | Static x-ray marking systems attempt to evaluate a dynamic structure during a specific instant |
| What roles do xrays play in chiropractic? | 1-Rule out pathology, 2-Determines facets/disc planes, presence of anomalies, 3-Biomechanical info |
| In a APOM view, the largest atlas lateral mass measurements indicates? | Anterior rotation in relation to the other side |
| If difference in ADI space and difference in lateral mass measurements in APOM view, what does the small ADI measurement usually indicate? | Anterior rotation on that side |
| Define Cephalad? | Towards the head |
| Define Caudal? | Towards the feet |
| Define restriction? | Loss of MOVEMENT. Active or passive |
| Define Fixation? | Loss of END FEEL/JOINT PLAY |
| Movement around axis? | Rotation |
| Movement along axis? | Translation |
| Flexion/Extension take place in what plane and around what axis? | In sagittal plane around coronal (x) axis |
| Lateral Flexion (Abduction/Adduction) takes place in what plane and around what axis? | Occur in cornal plane around sagittal (z) axis |
| Rotation takes place in what plane and around what axis? | Occurs in transverse plane around vertical (y) axis |
| What are the 3 translation movements? | 1-AP-PA glide, 2-Lateral glide, 3-Compression/tractio |
| What are the 3 rotational movements? | 1-Axial rotation, 2-Lateral flexion, 3-Flex/Ext |
| What type of movement is springing T8 I to S? | Flexion, Sagittal, Coronal (x) |
| What type of movement is general spinal motion screen? | P to A translation |
| What type of movement when you rotate the spine and spring PA over the T8 transverse? | Rotation around Transverse plane, Vertical (y) |
| Is nucleus ball bearing? | NO! |
| Define Anulus Fibrosus? | Fibrous outer portion of disk |
| Nucleus pulposus contains a lot of? | Water |
| Define End-plates? | Hyaline Cartilaginous plates that attach disk to vertebrae. Form growth zone for immature vertbral body. Provide permeable barrier bw disc and body |
| Does Anulus fibrosus have its own blood supply? | yes |
| How does Intervertebral disk get its blood supply? | No direct blood supply, use diffusion from capillaries |
| Define Schmorls nodes? | Invaginations of nuclear material thru the endplate |
| How are annulus fibrosus arranged? | Arranged in a concentric laminated bands which cross each other obliquely, each forming an angle of 30 degrees to vertebral body. |
| What is the weakest part of annulus fibrosus? | Posterior lateral aspect |
| What are 4 types of disc leasions? | 1-Internal disc derangement, 2-Disc protrusion, 3-Disc extrusion, 4-Disc sequestration |
| What occurs in an Internal Disc Derangement Asymptomatic Disc bulge? | Small annulus tear |
| What occurs in a internal disc disruption? | No buldging yet. Sinuvertebral nerve activated and painful. Discogentic pain. |
| What occurs in a Disc protrusion? | Now bulding |
| What occurs in a disc extrusion? | Ligament now ruptured |
| What occurs in a disc sequestration? | Nuclear material is now in epidural space |
| Jobs of facet joints? | Control patterns of motion, protect disc from shear forces, provide support |
| Facet orientation of cervical? | 45 deg |
| Facet orientation of thoracic? | 60 deg |
| Facet orientation of lumbar? | 90 deg |
| Facet joints were NOT designed to do what? | Bear weight |
| Where does the most movement come from in spine? | Cervical |
| What does the atlas not have that other cervical vert have? | No vert body, no SP |
| The dens is surrounded by? | Ant- anterior arch of atlas, Lat-lateral masses, Post-transverse ligament |
| Articular surfaces of condyles at C2 (axis) are? | Convex and converge anteriorly |
| What is the atlantodentral articulation formed by? | Anterior arch of atlas and the dens |
| Each occipital condyle has its own ____ axis of rotation? | Ecentric. *Limits active rotation* |
| The center of mass lies? | Anterior to the spinal column |
| How do you evaulate for upper cervical instability? | Flex/Ext stress xrays |
| Name NON-traumatic conditions associated with increase in ADI space? | Down Syndrome, Rheumatoid arthristis, Neurofibromatosis, Psoriasis, Lupus |
| CO-C1 flexion occurs how? | Occipital condyles glide post&sup on the lateral masses of the atlas |
| Co-C1 extension occurs how? | Condyles slide anterior to the lateral masses of the atlas |
| Alar ligament controls which movements? | Rotation and lateral flexion |
| Define Concentric rotation of atlas? | Rotation around a central atlas |
| Define eccentric rotation of atlas? | Axis of rotation on either lateral masses |
| During C1-C2 rotation, what occurs? | Vertical displacement |
| What CO-C1 adjustment would you do for: laterally flexed fixed on OPEN wedge side? | Occipital lift |
| What CO-C1 adjustment would you do for: laterally flexed on closed wedge side? | Knife-Edge Mastoid |
| What CO-C1 adjustment would you do for: rotation fixed on posterior side? | Thumb occiput |
| What CO-C1 adjustment would you do for: extended malposition or flexion restriction? | Zygoma Occiput |
| What CO-C1 adjustment would you do for: flexed malposition or extension restriction? | Pisiform mastoid |
| PICA syndrome aka Wallenbergs Syndrome is? | Caused by a stroke in the vertebral or posterior inferior cerebellar artery of the brain stem |
| What is the most serious potential consequence of cervical spine adjusting? | PICA sydrome |
| What should you avoid combining while doing a cervical adjustment ? | Avoid combining rotation and extension when performing cervical adjustments |
| What is the single most likely movement to cause occlusion? | Rotation. *Avoiding adjusting in full rotation-limit to 45 deg* |
| What are some pre-adjustment screening test to test for vertebral artery competency? | George test, DeKlynes Test *Lots of false positives/negatives with this* |
| What are the 5 D's to look and listen for? | Dizziness, Drop attacks, Diplophia, Dysarthria, Dysphagia |
| What is the "A" to look and listen for? | Ataxia |
| What are the 3 N's to look and listen for? | Nausea, Numbness, Nystagmus |
| What is "THE" phrase to be aware of for sign of stroke? | I have a pain in my neck and/or head unlike anything I have ever had before" |
| Flexibility in lower cervical spine determined by? | Disc height to body ratio |
| What area is the MOST flexible? | Cervical |
| What area is the LEAST flexible? | Thoracic |
| Describe the uncinate processes? | Posterior lateral aspect of the superior margin of the vertebral body are lipped forming uncinate process which serves to stabilize and strengthen. |
| In cervical lordosis, what is the midpoint or stress vertebrae? | C5 |
| What measurement do you use to estimate cervical curve? | Jochumsons measurement |
| How do you do Jochumsons measurement? | Draw a line from the anterior tubercle of C1 to the anterior superior corner of C7 body |
| What measurement is normal in a cervical curve? | 3-8mm |
| What measurement shows HYPERlordosis in a cervical curve? | over 9mm |
| What measurement shows HYPOlordosis in a cervical curve? | 1-2mm |
| What measurement shows alordosis in a cervical curve? | 1- -3mm |
| What measurement shows kyphosis in a cervical curve? | less than -3 mm |
| Strongest most resilient curve occurs when? | Cord=Radius |
| C2-C7 adjustments: For rotation OR contralateral lateral flexion | Index Pillar Supine |
| C2-C7 adjustments: For Rotation AND contralateral lateral flexion? | Thumb pillar & Index pillar prone |
| C2-C7 adjustments: Rotation AND contralateral lateral flexion | Digital Pillar Pull "Kiddy Pop" |
| Define motion segment? | A functional unit made of the two adjacent articulating surfaces and the connecting tissues biding them together |
| Define subluxation? | A motion segment in which alignment, movement, integrity, and/or physiological function are altered although contact bw joint surfaces remains intact |
| Define subluxation syndrome? | An aggregate of signs and symptoms that related to pathophysiology or dysfunction of a spinal or pelvic motion segment, or to peripheral joints |
| Define manipulation? | Manual procedure that involves a directed thrust to move a joint past the physiological range of motion, w/o exceeding the anatomical limit |
| Define adjustment? | Any chiro therapeutic prodecdure that utilizes controlled force, leverage, direction, amplitude, and velocity which is directed at specific joints or anatomical regions. |
| Total range of flexion/extension in CO-C1? | 30-35 degrees |
| During flexion the occipital condyles ___ on the lateral masses of the atlas; the occipital bone _____ from the posterior arch | Recede; separate |
| During extension the occipital condyles slide ___ on the lateral masses of the atlas; the occipital bone ___ the posterior arch | Anteriorly; approximates |
| Where does lateral flexion first take place in CO-C1? | Bw C2-C3 |
| The atlanto-axial articulation is composed of 3 joints:? | 1&2- two lateral joints at the lateral masses of atlas, 3-atlanto-odontoid articulation bw the dens and the anterior arch of the atlas |
| Where does the first 25 degrees of cervical spine take place? | Bw C1-C2 |
| Does lateral flexion occur normally bw C1-C2? | Not really, less then 2deg |
Created by:
wizdumbslp
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