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SOC, Ch.3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Socialization | The lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture. |
| Personality | a persons fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling. |
| John B. Watson | Developed the theory of Behaviorism |
| Behaviorism | The theory that behavior is not instinctive but learned. Thus people everywhere are equally human, differing only in their cultural patterns. This theory roots human behavior in nurture, instead of nature. |
| Harry and Margaret Harlow | Did experiments of social isolation with monkeys. |
| Freuds model of Personality | Combining basic human drives and the influence of society into a model consisting of 3 parts: id, ego, and superego |
| Id | the human beings basic drives, present at birth. |
| Ego | A persons conscious effort to balance innate pleasure-seeking drives with the demands of society. |
| Superego | The cultural values and norms internalized by an individual. |
| Sublimation | a term coined by Freud to describe the compromise that resulted from the competing demands of self and society. |
| Sensorimotor Stage | The level of human development at which individuals experience the world only through their senses. |
| Preoperational Stage | The level of human development at which individuals first use language and other symbols. |
| Concrete Operational Stage | The level of human development at which individuals first see causal connections in their surroundings. |
| Formal Operational Stage | The level of human development at which individuals think abstractly and critically |
| Lawrence Kohlberg | Built on Piaget's work to study moral reasoning |
| Moral Reasoning | How people come to judge situations as right or wrong. Occurs in 3 stages. |
| Preconventional Level | What feels good to me is right. Applys to children in the Sensorimotor Stage. (moral reasoning) |
| Conventional Level | Appears by teens. Begin to lose some of their selfishness as they learn to define right and wrong in terms of what pleases parents, and conforms to cultural norms. (moral reasoning) |
| Postconventional Level | People move beyond their society's norms to consider abstract ethical principles, such as: liberty, freedom, or justice. (moral reasoning) |
| Carol Gilligan | Set out to compare the moral development of girls and boys and concluded that the two sexes use different standards of rightness. |
| Justice Perspective | Carol Gilligan claims that boys have this perspective relying on formal rules to define right and wrong. |
| Care and Responsibility Perspective | Carol Gilligan claims girls have this perspective, judging a situation with an eye towards personal relationships and loyalties. |
| George Herbert Mead | Developed the theory of Social Behaviorism |
| Social Behaviorism | explains how social experience develops an individuals personality. |
| Self | The part of an individual's personality composed of self-awareness and self image. |
| Looking-glass self | a self-image based on how we think other see us. |
| Mores | People who violate ____ are usually punished severely. |
| Folkway | a norm that applies to routine and everyday matters. |
| Language | a symbol system that assigns labels and meaning to things seen and unseen. |
| Subcultures | groups that share in some parts of the dominate culture, but have their own distinctive values, norms, beliefs, symbols, language, and material culture that set them apart. |
| Mystics | Buddhist monks constitute a counterculture known as _____ because they are in search of enlightenment through simple living, modest dreams, and a vegetarian diet. |
| Ethnocentrism | The tendency to hold your own culture as a standard against which other cultures are judged. |