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Chp. 14
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Popular sovereignty | The idea that political authority belongs to the people. |
| Wilmot Proviso | A proposal to outlaw slavery in the territory added to the United States by the Mexican Cession‘ passed in the House of Representatives but was defeated in the Senate. |
| Sectionalism | A devotion to the interests of one geographic region over the interests of the country as a whole. |
| Free-Soil Party | A political party formed in 1848 by antislavery northerners who left the Whig and Democratic parties because neither addressed the slavery issue. |
| Compromise of 1850 | Henry Clay’s proposed agreement that allowed California to enter the Union as a free state and divided the rest of the Mexican Cession into two territories where slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty. |
| Fugitive Slave Act (Law) | A law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders. |
| Anthony Burns | American enslaved African, he ran away and was arrested in Boston. His arrest became the center of violent protests by northern opponents of the Fugitive Slave Act. |
| Uncle Tom’s Cabin | An antislavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe that showed northerners the violent reality of slavery and drew many people to the abolitionists cause. |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | American author and daughter of Lyman Beecher, she was an abolitionist and author of the famous antislavery novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin. |
| Franklin Pierce | Democratic candidate in 1852 and the fourteenth president of the United States, he made the Gadsen Purchase, which opened the northwest for settlement, and passed the unpopular Kansas-Nebraska Act. |
| Stephen Douglas | American politician and proslavery nominee, he debated Abraham Lincoln about slavery during the Illinois Senatorial race. He proposed the unpopular Kansas-Nebraska Act and he established the Freeport Doctrine, upholding the idea of popular sovereignty. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | A law that allowed voters in Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether to allow slavery. |
| Pottawatomie Massacre | An incident in which abolitionist John Brown and seven other men murdered proslavery Kansans. |
| Charles Sumner | A Massachusetts Senator who criticized proslavery people in Kansas and personally insulted Andrew Pickens Butler, a proslavery Senator from South Carolina. |
| Preston Brooks | American Congressmen, he assaulted and beat Senator Charles Sumner for his antislavery speeches and for insulting a proslavery relative. He was nicknamed Bully Brooks by Northerners. |
| Republican Party | A political party formed in the 1850’s to stop the spread of slavery in the West. |
| James Buchanan | American politician and fifteenth president of the United States, he was chosen as the democratic nominee for president in 1854 for being politically experienced and not offensive to slave states. |
| John C. Freemont | American explorer, army officer, and politician, he was chosen as the first republican candidate for president. He was against the spread of slavery and he was rejected by all but the free states as a “single issue” candidate in the election of 1856. |
| Dred Scott | Enslaved American who filed suit for his freedom stating that his time living in a free state made him a free man; the Supreme Court ruling known as the Dred Scott Decision upheld slavery and found the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. |
| Roger B. Taney | Supreme Court Chief Justice, he wrote the majority opinion in the Dred Scott Decision, stating that African Americans were not citizens and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. |
| Abraham Lincoln | Sixteenth president of the United States, he promoted equal rights for African Americans in the famed Lincoln Douglas Debates, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation and set in motion the Civil War, but he was determined to preserve the Union. He was as |
| Lincoln-Douglas Debates | A series of debates between Republican Abraham Lincoln and Democrat Stephen Douglas during the 1858 U.S. Senate Campaign in Illinois. |
| Freeport Doctrine | A statement made by Stephen Douglass during the Lincoln Douglas Debates that pointed out how people could use popular sovereignty to determine if their state or territory should permit slavery. |
| John Brown’s Raid | An incident in which abolitionist John Brown and 21 other men captured a federal arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in hope of starting a slave rebellion. |
| John C. Breckinridge | The current vice president in the election of 1860, who supported slavery in the territories and was backed by Southern Democrats. |
| Constitutional Union Party | A political party formed in 1860 by a group of northerners and southerners who supported the Union, its laws, and the Constitution. |
| John Bell | American politician, he was chosen by the Constitutional Union Party as their candidate in the election of 1860. |
| Secession | The act of formally withdrawing from the Union. |
| Confederate States of America | The nation formed by the southern states when they seceded from the Union; also known as the Confederacy. |
| Jefferson Davis | First and only president of the Confederate States of America after the election of President Abraham Lincoln in 1860 led to the secession of many southern states. |
| John J. Crittenden | Kentucky senator, he attempted to save the Union by reconciling differences between northern and southern states in the Senate proposal known as Crittenden’s Compromise. |
Created by:
hammie44
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