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History Exam 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Sacristy of land theory: | Shortage of land; people have to come together.Forces people to form Government. |
Adversity Hypothesis: | Need positives (water, climate). For civilization to develop, there must be diversity. must have negatives with positives. this forms a challenge. |
Land of Stability | Egypt |
Surrounded with the nile | "Gift of the nile" |
Egypt's great burrier | desert |
Egypt's first dynasty | writing |
Pharaohs had all mighty rule | Egypt |
chief priest was considered a god | Egypt |
Theocracy | no separation between church and state |
Polytheistic | Worshiped gods |
divine kingship | Looking out for people all the time |
Pharaohs had servants, They believed that when pharaoh died , the servants died and went on the journey with the pharaoh. | Egypt |
Then the Nobles wanted to go on the journey too | Egypt |
Everything was seen through religious views | Egypt |
What was Egypt's death rituals | Mummification |
Natrons | Dries up cavities |
Pineresen | chemical for odor |
linin | used to wrap the body |
who watches over the corpse in Egypt | Women |
What was the biggest stone building ever | great pyramid |
Age of pyramids. represents the pharaohs power. contributed to fall of old kingdom. intermediate period- time of trouble | old kingdom |
period of progress, creativity. religious development; cult of osiris; how you pass on is how you acted in life. | Middle kingdom |
organized government, falls away turmoil; civil war; invasion( HYKSOS)Their military was superior to egypt. it was a foreign domination period. | Second int. period |
time of military strength. the ruler was Thutmos the third. Amchotep the fourth made the egyptions worship one go. | New Kingdom |
Hegemony | dominance over religion. |
Believed the good things would be enjoyed in heaven but in a greater degree. | Egyptians |
confident and optimistic people | Egyptians |
Life was shaped by the view of death | Egyptians |
Lived free of threat of invasion | Egyptians |
Didn't have a rigid cast system. what was the cast system of Egypt | pharaohs, nobles, scribes, merchants, artisans, farmers, serfs, slaves |
public schools that trained to write | Egyptians |
the school was open to all classes | Egyptians |
women faired well | Egyptians |
monogomy was the rule | Egyptians |
girls of herum was entertainment | Egyptians |
Goddess of egyptian party | Bess |
Had a formula for beer | Egyptians |
What women inherited the egyptian throne | Hatchepsuet |
what would happen if adultry happened in egypt | cut off nose |
" Give me bread when in hungry, give me beer when im thirsty" | how the egyptians saw afterlife |
land between the rivers | mesopotamia |
what was the weather condition like in mesopotamia | flooding was unpredictable, sandstorms |
did mesopotamia have any natural barriers? | no |
mesopotamia was a city state and constantly fought between city states. | |
Who were the first people of Mesopotamia? | Sumarians |
Who's writing form was cuneiform? | sumarians |
who took control of the summarians first | Akodians |
The first empire was what? | Akodians |
who do they akodians fall to? | Babylonians |
Who was the king of babylon | hammurabi |
1792-1750 who ruled? | Hammurabi |
why did hammurabi make the roads? | for the military |
What was the hammurabi code | field of justice |
how many sections does the hammurabi code have? | 282 |
what kind of religious view did the babylonians have? | polytheistic |
were kings gods during the babylonian period? | no |
where did they burry their dead? | under the house |
each city state had a god. did they fight? | yes. good vs. bad |
the priests had what? | Powers. |
what is the epic of Gilgermesh? | no matter what you do, your gonna die. |
was there hope for afterlife in the babylonian culture? | no |
where did the babylonian laws come from? | the gods |
what did the babylonians value? | private property |
what was punished in the babylonian culture? | laziness |
why did the babylonians have a strong work ethic? | land sacristy |
what kind of society did the babylonians have | patriotic |
what could the babylonians do to their kids? | sell them |
How could the babylonians get a diverse? | adultery |
" The wife is a mans future, sons mans refuge, and daughter is mans salvation." | Strong family bonds. babylonian society |
Where is Phoenicia located? | On the coast |
the phoenicians were great sailors throughout what sea? | Mediterranean |
Where was carthage located | africa |
phoenicia came up with what? | the phonetic alaphabet |
What are the Arameans | caravans |
Who are the "bad guys" | Assyrians |
how do you describe the assyrians? | aggressive warlike people |
how did they take over people? | by psychological terrorism. the people would give up before the fight. |
" boys girls burnt upon flames. pillars of skulls erected before town" | Tiglath |
who round up combatants; asked the people to fight or die | Assyrians |
who has oriental seclusion of women | Assyrians |
how old were the assyrian women when they married? | 12-13 yrs |
What was the number one crime in the Assyrian society? | Abortion |
who was Assurbanipal? | a scholar who collected cuneiform tablets and made a library. part of assyrians |
Who do the Assyrians fall to? | the Chaldeans |
whats another name for the chaldeans? | New Babylonians |
who was the king of new babylonians, chaldeans? | Nebuchadnezzar |
where did the chaldeans expand to? | throughout the fertile crescent |
who did the chaldeans concur? | palestine, and took jewish leaders |
What was it called when the chaldeans concurred palestine and took the jewish leaders? | babylon captivity of jews |
Where was the persian empire located? | along the persian gulf |
were they progressive? | yes |
who was the king of the persian empire? | Cyrus the Great |
What did cyrus the great do? | brought order. he showed respect to the people he concurred and brought them into his culture. |
who was darius? | the king after cyrus the great, of the persian empire |
what did darius do? | built roads, divided the empire into provinces. he had private servants |
"neither snow, nor rain, nor heat, nor dark night hinder them in prompt completion of their task." | -persian beaurcrats. shows their dedication to society and fighting |
what is the persian religion? | culture, zoroastrianism. rejected magic, superstitions. emphasis on morality and ethical conduct. had a good god and bad god. DUALISM. believed in the end that good would prevail |
"sons are taught to ride horses, draw bows, and speak the truth." | cyclic theory of history. persians view of society |
who does darius fall to? | Alexander the great |
what does habira mean | Hebrews |
where did the hebrews originate | Arabian desert |
where did the hebrews settle when jacob was ruler | along the mediterranean |
what was the name changed to when hebrews settles along the mediterranean? | Israel/palestine, Israelites |
when israel moves again where do they move | egypt |
moses arrises and helps who | nomadic people |
who are the Philistines? | neighbors that fight israel. and israel always looses |
"land of milk and honey" | palestine |
who was the king that helped unite and defeat the philistines | saul |
who was sauls rival | david |
saul died and who took over | david |
who did david unite | the Israelites , Jerusalem capital |
after david who took power | salamen. davids son |
what was salamen like | harsh ruler, which lead to revolt. |
palestine was split into two kingdoms, which are? | israel, north. and judah- south |
who was israel attacked by? | Assyrians |
who did judah fall to? | claldeans. captivity of the jews |
what was the first five books of the hebrews called | torah |
what was the hebrews religion like | monotheism. the god was yahweh |
how did the hebrews think of women | respected them. never abused them. |
where was the hebrew women prohibited from | the inner temple |
where were the minoans located | crete. located on the mediterranean sea |
the minoans had what kind of community | sea community |
who were the trade partners of minoans? | mycenaens |
what were the biggest exports of the minoans | wine and olive oil and pottery |
who had walls around the city and who didnt | minians didnt and myceneans did |
capital of minoans | knossus |
how did the minoans fall | earth quake possibly. attacked by pirates and Mycenaeans |
minoans religion | polytheistic |
how did the minoans burry their dead | with care |
polis | city states |
Hellenic age | era of city states |
what were the two city states of the hellenic age | Athens and sparta |
whats the political evolution | monarchy, oligarchy, tyrrany, democracy |
where was sparta located | peloponnesian peninsula |
was was spartas neighboring province | messenia |
who did sparta concur | messenia |
when messenia was concurred, sparta became what kind of state | barrate state. military |
"everyone must subordinate themselves to the will of the state' | Lycugon constitution |
upper startans | 5 to 10 percent of population |
lower spartans | slave class. helets |
periochi spartans | middle class. stray people |
what kind of government was Sparta? | oligarchy |
what values did sparta stress? | patriotism, self denial, discipline, |
at the beginning of each year the spartans cast war on who | helots |
who are the secret core | anyone that is a threat is liquidated on site. they were people that lived amongst the others, but were secret |
spartan women | compete in sports but had weak marital bonds. |
"come home with shield held high or on it' | spartan women to their husbands. shows weak marital bonds. and how harsh they were, and didnt care bout their husbands |
what was the spartan military called | peloponesian league |
where was athens located | on the edge of the penninsula |
what kind of economy was athens | commercial economy |
why is ionia important | they were colonized by the greeks |
draco | law code of athens |
who did athens rebel against | persians |
who was the persian king | darius |
why did persia want to go to war with athens | because athens aided ionia |
who won the battle of marathon | athens |
agora | market place where the people of athens waited to hear the outcome of the battle |
mercianaries | hired fighters of persians |
who is xerxes | persian monarch |
xerxes asked for what as submission to the persians | earth and water |
what 2 city states didnt submit to the persians | sparta and athens |
why did xerxes want war | because athens and Sparta didn't show submission to persia |
how did they cross the body of water hellespont | by bridge of boats |
who was the spartan king | Leonidas |
battle of salamis | athens ships were more movable and athens destroyed persia |
"a persian king had gazed europe for the last time" | historian about the battle of salamis |
Delian league | athens fleet |
athens government | the workers received pay |
" control masses rather than them control him" | Thucydides. a historian |
idiotes | one that doesn't up hold responsibilities of citizenship |
what political aspect did athens not like | philobustery |
what was the one job in athens that put value on merit | general |
"any man who sherks responsibilities of citizenship shall be regarded as useless character" | Paraclese |
women of athens | no rights, married at 14, remain at the home |
" i give this woman for procreation of legit children" | father of athens bride. |
athens rashald | owned by the wealthy and the slaves and foreigners were the ones selling themselves |
courtesan | high end prositutes |
Aspasia | beautiful courtesan that was smart and was paraclese's mistress |
" the less heard of women in male company the better' | Paraclese about women |
symposiam | fancy dinner party that wives could not go to. but the people from brathal could go |
the athens competitve games honored who | gods |
drama emerged from who | greeks |
who were the great playwrights | aeschylus,sophocles, euripedes, aristophdries |
what is speculative philosophy | how nature worked, 12 chief gods. eventually turned attention to what the purpose of life? |
Socrates believed what | that people should discover things through logical thinking |
who was socrates student? | plato |
plato | was interested in political science. condemned democracy and stared first university |
Aristotle | attended university of plato. he was expert on all his fav subjects. he tutored alexander the great. thought women were subordinate |
who was the first greek historian. "father of history. and what did he write about | Herodotus. and he wrote about the persian war |
who was the second greatest historian | thucydides. he wrote about the peloponesian war |