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s+P test 1
NWHSU S+P TEST 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atypical lumbar vertebra includes _____; this contains the ________ a. L5; cauda equina b. L3; cauda equina c. L5; conus medullaris d. L3; conus medullaris | L5; cauda equina |
| The lumbar facets on the SAPs are _____ while the facets on the IAPs are _______ A.Convex, Concave B.Concave, Convex C.Flat, Concave D.Concave, Flat | Concave, Convex |
| Which way do the facets of the superior articular processes face in the lumbar spine? a. Anterior;medial b. Anterior;lateral c. Posterior;medial d. Posterior;lateral | Posterior;medial |
| What shape do the pedicals make in the c-spine? a. Triangle b. Circle c. Oval d. Rectangle | Circle |
| Atlas body is a. Thicker top to bottom than AP b. Thicker AP than top to bottom c. Thinner AP than side to side d. Wider side to side than top to bottom | thicker top to bottom than AP |
| What structure in C2 is covered by superior facets? a. Lamina b. Pars c. Pedicles d. TP’s | pedicles |
| Behind the superior facet on C2 there is a groove for the exit of what? a. A artery b. A vein c. A nerve d. A ligament | nerve |
| What direction do the superior C2 facets face? a. Up;medial b. Up;lateral c. Down;medial d. Down;lateral | Up:lateral |
| What direction do the inferior facets of C2 face? a. Up;medial b. Up;lateral c. Down;medial d. Down;lateral | Down;lateral |
| What direction does the SAPs in the thoracic spine face? A. Inferior, anterior, slight lateral B. Superior, posterior, slight lateral C. Inferior, anterior, slight medial D. Superior, posterior, slight medial | Superior, posterior, slight lateral |
| What direction does the IAPs in the thoracic spine face? A. Inferior, anterior, slight lateral B. Superior, posterior, slight lateral C. Inferior, anterior, slight medial D. Superior, posterior, slight medial | Inferior, anterior, slight medial |
| What degree angle does the Z joint in the thoracic spine make to the horizontal plane? A. 45 B. 30 C. 60 D. 20 | 60 |
| The facets in the mid-thoracic spine that articulate with the ribs are a. More cupped b. Flat c. Convex d. Cancave | More cupped |
| The facets in the lower thoracic spine that articulate with the ribs are a. More cupped b. Flat c. Convex d. Cancave | Flat |
| What thoracic segment has the largest demifacet? a. 5 b. 12 c. 4 d. 9 | 9 |
| Which lower thoracic segment has NO demifacet? a. 9 b. 10 c. 11 d. 12 | 10 |
| The IAP of T12 faces what directions? a. Anterior and lateral b. Medial and inferior c. Lateral and superior d. Anterior and inferior | Anterior and lateral |
| What section of the thoracic spine is known as the critical zone? a. T3-12 b. T7-9 c. T3-9 d. T4-9 | T4-9 |
| The superior facets of the lumbar spine face A. Posterior; medial B. Posterior; lateral C. Anterior; medial D. Anterior; lateral | posterior; medial |
| The inferior facets of the lumbar spine face A. Posterior; medial B. Posterior; lateral C. Anterior; medial D. Anterior; lateral | anterior; lateral |
| Which lumbar segment is atypical? a. L1 b. L3 c. L4 d. L5 | L5 |
| What is the largest SP in the C-spine? | C2 |
| What is the longest SP in the C-spine? | C7 |
| What disease do the endplates of usually thoracic vertebra not fully ossify. (causes disc herniation) | Scheurmans disease |
| Another fancy name for facet joints? Z_______ Joint | Zygopophyseal joint |
| What causes enlargement of the ribs? This can happen anywhere but is typical of ribs. | Fibrous Dysplasia |
| What is Pectus excavatum | concave chest ribs slope up, sternum in compressed |
| The sloped medial aspect of pedicles happens on lumbar vertibrae and is called _____ ______. | Lateral Recess |
| Very small spurring at the anterior vertebral body corners (pre-osteophyte) A. Spondylolosis B. Spondylolysis C. Spondyolisthesis | Spondylolosis |
| Break in pars interarticularis (unilateral or bilateral) caused by trauma or repetitive microtrauma A. Spondylolosis B. Spondylolysis C. Spondyolisthesis | Spondylolysis |
| Forward slip of the vertebral body. A. Spondylolosis B. Spondylolysis C. Spondylolisthesis | Spondylolisthesis |
| Newman or wiltse classification system is based on ______ or ________. | cause or morphology |
| Increased sacral base angle (Type 1) A. Dysplastic or congenital spondylolisthesis B. Degenerative Spondylolisthesis C. Isthmic (Lytic) spondylolisthesis D.Traumatic Spondylolisthesis E. Pathological Spondylolisthesis F.Latrogenic Spondylolisthesis | Dysplastic or congenital spondylolisthesis |
| Stress type A, Elongated type B, Acute type C (Common at L5 defect in pars)(Type 2) A. Dysplastic or congenital B. Degenerative C. Isthmic (Lytic) D.Traumatic E. Pathological F.Latrogenic | Isthmic (Lytic) Spondylolisthesis |
| No breaks!!!=always type 3 facet joint degeneration A. Dysplastic or congenital spondylolisthesis B. Degenerative Spondylolisthesis C. Isthmic (Lytic) spondylolisthesis D.Traumatic Spondylolisthesis E. Pathological Spondylolisthesis F.Latrogenic | Degenerative spondylolisthesis |
| Fracture in posterior arch or anywhere except pars! Type 4 A. Dysplastic or congenital B. Degenerative C. Isthmic (Lytic) D.Traumatic E. Pathological F.Latrogenic | Traumatic spondylolisthesis |
| Any bone tumor (type 5) A. Dysplastic or congenital spondylolisthesis B. Degenerative Spondylolisthesis C. Isthmic (Lytic) spondylolisthesis D.Traumatic Spondylolisthesis E. Pathological Spondylolisthesis F.Latrogenic Spondylolisthesis | Pathological spondylolisthesis |
| Doctor induced (type 6) A. Dysplastic or congenital spondylolisthesis B. Degenerative Spondylolisthesis C. Isthmic (Lytic) spondylolisthesis D.Traumatic Spondylolisthesis E. Pathological Spondylolisthesis F.Latrogenic Spondylolisthesis | Latrogenic spondylolisthesis |
| M_________ classification system is grades _-_ for spondylolisthesis. | Meyerdings classification system, grades 1-4 |
| Structural Scoliosis is ______. The curve _______ change with body position. A. Fixed, does not B. fixed, Does C. functional, does not D. Functional, does | fixed, does not |
| Non structural scoliosis is _______. The curve ______ change with body position. A. Fixed, does not B. fixed, Does C. functional, does not D. Functional, does | functional, does |
| Most common form (80%) of scoliosis? Infantile up to 3 yrs of age most resolve. Juvenile 3-10 30% require surgery Adolescent 10+ yrs of age A. Neuromuscular scoliosis B. Idiopathic scoliosis C. Congenital scoliosis | Idiopathic scoliosis |
| F:M of 9:1 for this scoliosis subtype. Rapid progression between __-__ yrs of age. A. Neuromuscular scoliosis B. Idiopathic scoliosis C. Congenital scoliosis | Idiopathic scoliosis, 12-16 |
| Tensile forces _______ bone growth while compressive forces ______ bone growth. This is called ______-______ Principle A. Inhibit; stimulate B. Stimulate; Inhibit | Stimulate; inhibit, Heuter-Volkmann Principle |
| Long C-Shaped curve scoliosis. (Polio,cereral palsy, syringomyelia, spinal cord tumor, trauma) A. Neuromuscular scoliosis B. Idiopathic scoliosis C. Congenital scoliosis | Neuromuscular scoliosis |
| Short C shape, associated with hemivertebrae, block vertebrae and fusion of ribs. A. Neuromuscular scoliosis B. Idiopathic scoliosis C. Congenital scoliosis | Congenital Scoliosis |
| 0-9degrees - ________ 10-19degrees - _____ 20-29degrees - ________ 30-39degrees - _______ | 0-9 convexity (NOT scoliosis!) 10-19 mild scoliosis 20-29 moderate scoliosis 30-39 marked/severe scoliosis |
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