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US History Chapter 3
Mrs. Hinton's US History Class
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| At the height of their power, how many colonies did Britain control at one time? | 33 colonies |
| Who was Thomas Colbert under and what was his job? | King Louis XIV and he was a finance minister |
| What is mercantilism? | a theory which said that a country's ultimate goal was self-sufficiency and that all countries were in a competition to acquire the most gold and silver |
| What is the USA's biggest dependency? | Oil |
| What were the last places to be colonized? | Africa and southeast Asia |
| Last colonial empire? | Ottoman Empire |
| What is imperialism? | Establishing colonies to increase power |
| What is a cash crop? | a crop grown for sale rather than for the farmer's own use |
| Triangular trade? | merchants carried rum and other goods from New England to Africa; in Africa they traded their merchandise for enslaved people, whom they transported to the West Indies and sold for sugar and molasses; these goods were then shipped to NE to make rum |
| Stono Rebellion? | When slaves gathered at the Stono River southwest of Charles Towne. They killed several planter families and gathered other slaves to join as they marched south to flee to Spanish-held Florida, but white militia stopped them and the rebellion failed |
| Benjamin Franklin? | embraced the notion of obtaining truth through experimentation and reasoning. Demonstrated that lightning was a form of electrical power |
| Jonathan Edwards? | a member of the clergy who sought to revive the intensity and commitment of the original puritan vision |
| William Pitt? | selected by Britain's King George II to run his government in 1757. The British army finally began winning battles, which prompted the Iroquios to support them |
| Pontiac? | the Ottawa leader who led Native Americans to capture eight British forts in the Ohio River Valley and lay siege to two others |
| George Grenville? | financial expert whom King George III chose to serve as a prime minister in 1763 |
| Who revoked the Massachusetts charter and made it a royal colony? | Charles II |
| Who declared the Dominion of New England? | James II |
| What was the Dominion of England? | when the land from southern Maine to New Jersey was united into one vast colony |
| Who did James II pick to rule New England? | Sir Edward Andros |
| What happened in the Glorious Revolution? | James II gave up the throne to avoid being beheaded because his wife was catholic and Parliament invited William and Mary (daughter of James II) to rule |
| According to the theory of _____________, a nation could increase its wealth and power in two ways: by obtaining as much gold and silver as possible, and by establishing a favorable balance of trade, in which it sold more goods than it bought. | Mercantilism |
| What act was intended to crack down on smuggling and to raise money to pay off the war debt? | Sugar Act |
| What was a general search warrant that allowed the British customs officials to search any colonial ship or building they believed to be holding smuggled goods? | writ of assistance |
| Where was the "center of rebellion"? | Boston |
| What were the cash crops of the southern colonies? | tobacco, rice, and indigo |
| What were the three major urban centers in the Northern Colonies? | Boston, New York, Philadelphia |
| What is the negative reaction of established populations against new and different immigrants? | nativism |
| Who invented the lightning rod and bifocals? | Benjamin Franklin |
| Where was the first battle of the French and Indian War fought at? | Fort Necessity |
| What was the French and Indian War fought over? | The Ohio River Valley |
| What British leader "turned the tide" in the French and Indian war? | William Pitt |
| Control of the fort at ________ was critical to guarding the entrance to the St. Lawrence River | Louisburg |
| What generals were killed at the Battle of Quebec in 1759? | Marquis de Montcalm and James Wolfe |
| What treaty ended the French and Indian War? | The Treaty of Paris |
| How many pounds of tea was dumped at the Boston Tea Party? | 18,000 lbs |
| What was the difference between the Townshend Acts and the Stamp Act? | The Stamp Act was a direct tax, while the Townshend Acts were an indirect tax |
| Intolerable Acts? | One law shut down the Boston Harbor and the Quartering Act authorized British commanders to house soldiers in vacant private homes and other buildings |
| Who placed Boston under martial law? (rule imposed by military forces) | Thomas Gage |
| What were minutemen? | civilian soldiers |
| What was the best weapon against British before the Revolution? | Boycotting |
| What was George Washington originally? | a surveyor |
| Who were three British prime ministers? | Grenville, Friedrich North, and Charles Townsend |
| What battle gave the element of surprise? | Battle of Trenton |
| What battle was the turning points for patriots? | Battle of Saratoga |
| Who rode out with Paul Revere to spread the word? | Samuel Prescott and William Dawes |
| What was the name of John Hancock's ship that was confiscated? | Liberty |
| Who was the first to move towards independence? | Richard Henry Lee |
| Where was the goal to divide New England from other states supposed to start? | Albany |
| Who was the British general who did the final surrender at the end of the revolution? | General Charles Cornwallis in Yorktown |
| Marquis de Lafayette? | also helped transform the American troops at Valley Forge and led a command in Virginia in the last years of the war |
| Profiteering? | selling scarce goods for a profit |
| Friedrich von Steuben? | helped transform the American troops at Valley Forge |
| New Massachusetts Charter of 1691? | Forced puritans to allow freedom of worship and banned the practice of permitting only puritan church members to vote |
| Who founded the town of Quebec? | Samuel de Champlain |
| Who explored the St. Lawrence River? | Jacques Cartier |
| What was the first permanent French Settlement? | Quebec |
| Who claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for France? | Robert Cavelier |
| Who got what after the Treaty of Paris 1763? | Great Britain got all land East of the Mississippi, Spain got French Islands west of the Mississippi, and French got a few small islands near Newfoundland and West Indies |
| Patrick Henry? | adopted a resolution that stated Virginians could only be taxed by the Virginia assembly (only by their representatives) |
| What two brothers joined forces on Staten Island and sailed into the NY harbor in the summer of 1776 with the largest British expeditionary force ever assembled (32,000 soldiers including thousands of German mercenaries, or soldiers fighting solely for $) | General William Howe and Admiral Richard Howe |
| Battle of Trenton? | Washington crosses Delaware on Christmas 1776 to attack and win (killed 30, took 918 captive) |
| What did Washington do after winning the Battle of Trenton? | he marched on to Princeton and also won |
| Where did Washington winter after Princeton? | Morristown, New Jersey |
| Who actually ends up fighting the Patriots at Albany? | Burgoyne |
| Who takes Philly when he should be at Albany? | Howe |
| Who ends up fighting indians when he should be at Albany? | Colonel St. Ledger |
| Molly Pitcher? | carried water pitchers out to soldiers. Real name was Mary Ludwig Hays McCauly |
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