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food security test 1
test 1 material
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In what year did the pilgrims arrive in the new world? | 1620 |
| What were the Pilgrims hoping to accomplish during their exploration of Cape Code? | Replenish stores of food and water, evaluate the area as a potential settlement, make contact with the native inhabitants |
| What had been responsible for reducing the native population prior to the Pilgrims arrival? | Disease |
| Who was the first westerner to encounter corn in the Americas? | Christopher Columbus |
| What percentage of the world's food plants originated in the Americas? | 1/3 |
| Who developed a mild blend of tobacco in 1612? | John Rolfe |
| What was the population of Cahokia? | Thirty Thousand |
| Why did the Pilgrims plant only Indian corn the second season in the New World? | It yielded much better than their traditional crops |
| What did Winslow bring back to Plymouth in 1624? | Cattle |
| What are the world's four principal food crops? | Rice, Wheat, Corn , and potatoes |
| What is the size of the U.S. land mass? | Over 1 1/2 billion aacres |
| who favored the distribution of land in small tracts to freehold farmers? | Thomas Jefferson |
| Who favored the distribution of the land in large tracts? | Alexander Hamilton |
| What was a common reason for plant and animal stocks being slow to improvement in early America? | Prevailing religious thought held that the world was imperfect-able |
| What requirement did New England authorities impose before land could be settled? | It had to be surveyed |
| What are some public institutions supported by the sale of public land? | schools, land grant colleges, agricultural research stations |
| On what principle did William Penn found his colony? | Brotherly Love |
| How was Peen's hamlet laid out? | Pie- shaped wedges, with houses and stores close to each other |
| Who conducted the first scientific experiments in America? | Ben Franklin |
| Why were plows used in the Eastern part of the United States but not adequate for the prairie farming? | They could not break the tough prairie sod or shed the rich soils |
| What was the purpose of Congress's 1839 Seed Distribution Program? | To get farmers to experiment with new plants in territories opening up to settlements |
| What were the two responsibilities of the U.S. Department of Agriculture when it was first established? | To collect statistics and to administer the seed distribution program |
| What were the two types of Indian corn crossed in Robert Reid's corn field in 1846? | Gourdseed and Flint |
| Why did the Wallace's of Iowa contest the value of the Iowa Corn Shows? | The shows rated corn on its appearance rather than on nutrition of yield |
| What were the four humors held by farmers to determine the health of plants and animals? | Earth, Fire, air, water |
| What were three ways of fighting the boll weevil infestation in Texas at the turn of the century? | Earlier spring planting, deeper plowing, crop rotation |
| What were some of the innovations in agriculture derived from science? | Animal vaccines, pesticides, control methods against diseases |
| What principles were the seed trains and the demonstration forms based on? | Showing rather than telling |
| What three institutions correspond to to the following areas of endeavors... Study?... Research?... Outreach to farmers? | study-the land grant "agricultural" colleges Research-the agriculture experiment stations Outreach to farmers-the agricultural extension services |
| Name some of the professional and educational interests of George Washington Carver... | Religious ministry, botany, art |
| Why were Southern merchants able to set the terms of trade with the sharecroppers who came to trade a portion of their crop for food and supplies? | Because the sharecroppers had only one crop to trade (cotton) and the merchants set the price |
| Where did the Grangers focus their anger? | On the railroad |
| What inventions revolutionized the beef industry? | Refrigeration |
| What region became the wheat growing center of the United Stated after the Civil War? | The Great Plains |
| In what crops of products did farmers specialize South? | Perishable fruits and vegetables |
| In what crops or products did farmers specialize in Wisconsin and the North Atlantic States? | Dairy Products |
| In what crops or products did farmers specialize in California and the southwest? | Citrus, nuts, and dates |
| What important legal issue was decided in the farmer's favor in 1876? | states had the right to regulate railroads |
| What two ideas dominated the farmer's movements? | Easy credit, cooperative buying and selling arrangements |
| What were some of the departments Tama Jim Wilson established during his tenure as secretary of the U.S. Department of Agriculture? | Chemistry, entomology, soils, and animal science |
| Name some of the inventions of the 20th century... | The steam engine, railroads, telegraphy, ocean liners, telephones, electric lights, and cash register |
| What percentage of the American population were farmers during Thomas Jefferson's time? | 96% |
| What period has been called the "golden age" for the American farmer? | 1890-1920 |
| Why did farmers produce more during this time period ( 1890-1920)? | Growing population in the U.S. and demand for American food in Europe |
| In what sense could farmers be considered as belonging to the laboring class? | they did their own work |
| IN what sense could farmers be considered as belonging to management? | they owned the means of production in the form of land and equipment |
| What was the "fall-of-farm" income between 1929 and 1932? | Farm income 1932 was 1/3 of what it had been in 1929 |
| What was the issue in the Judge Bradley incident in LeMars, Iowa? | Farm foreclosure |
| What was the root of the farm problem in 1933? | Overproduction |
| What was the goal of Aaron Sapiro? | To unite food producers into one giant cooperative |
| Why did the U.S. Grain Growers Association fail? | Farmers were too independent to be organized successfully |
| How did Secretary Wallace intend to solve the farm overproduction problem and conserve the soil? | By taking land out of production, both problems would be solved: land would be conserved and overproduction curbed |
| What event was the catalyst in the over-plowing of land in the United States | WW I |
| What was the New Deal's solution to the problem of farmers forced off their land? | The rural resettlement administration |
| What book and film came out of a personal experience with the Depression Era farmers? | The Grapes of Wrath |
| How was Henry A. Wallace's image of the farmer different from that of Thomas Jefferson? | Jefferson saw farmers as an independent freeholder of the land; Wallace saw the farmer as caretakers of the land |
| What decade saw a larger increase in corn yields in teh Untied States? | 1933-1943 |
| What was one of the major causes of the increase | Hybrids |
| What was one of the results of the rediscovery of Mendel's laws of genetics? | Plant exploration |
| Which Soviet scientist pioneered the effort to obtain genetic breeding material? | Nikolai Vavilov |
| What disease afflicted Mexican wheat when Dr. Borlaug arrived in 1943? | Stem Rust |
| What name was given to the plant breeding method adopted by Borlaug? | Shuttle breeding |
| Explain shuttle breeding | Seed was shuttled back and forth between summer and winter breeding centers |
| In addition to disease resistance, there was an unexpected result of the Mexican wheat breeding program. What was it? | The wheat was well adapted to different environmental conditions |
| What two countries became the beneficiaries of the Mexican wheat program | India and Pakistan |
| In what year did the International Rice Research Institute produce the new strains of rice? | 1960 |
| What is gene splicing> | The introduction of a gene from one plant or animal to another plant or animal |
| What institution in the United States coordinates germplasm conservation? | The National Germplasm Resources Laboratory |
| What percentage of the U.S. work force is involved in producing, processing and distributing food? | 30% |
Created by:
ALux
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