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Ind. Revolution
Study Cards for Industrial Revolution & Immigration Unit
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Refinery | purifies the oil in the oil making process |
| Bessemer Steel Process | new invention to make steel. Cut down on costs & increased production. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Scottish immigrant who started Carnegie Steel & bought out competitors |
| John Rockefeller | Started Standard Oil & was successful at combining & consolidating businesses & eliminating competitors |
| Robber Barron | a business leader who became wealthy through dishonest methods |
| Corporation | a business owned by investors who buy a part of a company through shares of stock |
| Monopoly | a company that wipes out its competitors and controls and industry |
| Trust | a combination of corporations for the purpose of reducing competition and controlling prices in an industry |
| Philanthropist | Person who gives away large sums of money to charities or the community |
| Urbanization | the growth of cities due to the increasing numbers of factories & jobs |
| Laissez Faire | Theory that stated that if government left businesses alone and unregulated, they would benefit the nation financially. |
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act | outlawed trusts that restrained trade. Was difficult to enforce because it was not clearly written. |
| Push Factors | Conditions that drive people to leave their country (bad things) |
| Pull Factors | Conditions that attract people to a new country (good things) |
| Pogrom | Organized massacre of Jews (took place in Russia at this time) |
| Assimilate | blending into another culture |
| Old Immigration | immigrants in the early 1800s from Northern & Western Europe. Easily assimilated because of similar language, religion and race to Americans. |
| New Immigration | Arrived in late 1800s early 1900s from Southern & Eastern Europe & Asia. Difficulty assimilating due to a variety of languages, religions and ethnic backgrounds. |
| American Protective Association | Group that campaigned to ban immigration if a person was illiterate in their own native language. |
| Breaker Boys | Boys that worked in coal mines for low pay and under dangerous conditions |
| Lewis Hine | Photographed and documented child labor in early 1900s |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire | March 25, 1911. Fire that killed 125 young women in factory with unsafe conditions & no safety features. |
| Samuel Gompers | Founded the American Federation of Labor |
| Scabs | Hired to replace striking workers |
| American Federation of Labor | Union for workers that fought for better wages & conditions. Did not allow women or minorities. |
| Knights of Labor | Union for workers that allowed women, Minorities & unskilled workers. Will eventually fail due to many failed and violent strikes. |
| Railroad Strike of 1877 | violent railroad strike when wages were cut. State militia brought in to end strike. |
| Bombing at Haymarket Square | 5 anarchists charged with throwing bomb into crowd at an 8 hour workday. |
| Homestead Strike | violent strike at Carnegie steel mill when he cut wages & raised their rent |
| Pinkertons | State militia in Pennsylvania that broke up the Homestead Strike |
| Blacklists | list of names passed around by employers warning them not to hire workers that had previously caused a strike |
| Injunctions | Court order that bans communication between workers & the union. |
| Collective Bargaining | When the union workers & employers negotiate and agree upon wages, hours & conditions. |
| Ragtime | mix of African-American & European music |
| William Randolph Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer | Leading publishers of newspapers & magazines |
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