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USH chapter 30
US History - chapter 30 - Vietnam War Years
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What country ruled Vietnam from 1800 to WWII? | France |
| Why were the Vietnam people torked off against the French? | They took their farmland and built large plantations, took their rice & rubber |
| Leader of the Indochinese Communist Party | Ho Chi Minh |
| What organization did the Vietnamese communists (and other orgs) form to get independence? | the Vietminh |
| When did Vietnam become independent? | When the Allies defeated Japan in WWII (1945) |
| When the French troops moved in to take Vietnam back, which part did they take control of? | South Vietnam |
| Who gave Ho Chi Minh $$$ during WWII to fight the Japanese? | USA |
| who gave the French $$$ to fight Ho Chi Minh in the early 1950's ? | USA |
| How did Ike describe the countries on the brink of communism in 1954 ? | The Domino Theory |
| at what outpost did the Vietminh overrun the French in 1954 ? | Dien Bien Phu |
| What was the peace agreement called? | Geneva Accords |
| Where was the line drawn in the Geneva Accords? | the 17th parallel |
| Capital of North Vietnam | Hanoi |
| Capital of South Vietnam | Saigon |
| South Vietnam's president in the 1950's | Ngo Dinh Diem |
| Why was Ho Chi Minh popular among the people? | He gave land back to the peasants |
| Communist opposition group in South Vietnam that assassinated hundreds of South Vietnamese officials | Vietcong |
| Later name of the Vietcong | National Liberation Front (NLF) |
| How did Ho Chi Minh get military supplies to the Vietcong (from North to South Vietnam) ? | on the Ho Chi Minh Trail |
| What countries borders did the Ho Chi Minh Trail go along? | Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia |
| Why were the people not happy with Ngo Dinh Diem? | he didn't give their land back (Like HCM did), he restricted Buddhist practices, he moved people out of their villages to protected areas |
| how was Ngo Dinh Diem taken care of ? | US supported military coup killed him (they weren't supposed to) |
| What did the US Congress adopt to give LBJ military powers in Vietnam ? | the Tonkin Gulf Resolution |
| What led to the Tonkin Gulf Resolution? | North Vietnamese attacks on US ships (Maddox and Turner) |
| What was the vote on the Tonkin Gulf Resolution? | 414-0 in the House and 88-2 in the Senate |
| Who was Secretary of Defense under LBJ? | Robert McNamara |
| Who was Secretary of State under LBJ ? | Dean Rusk |
| Who was the American commander in South Vietnam? | General William Westmoreland |
| What did General Westmoreland think of the S. Vietnam Army ? | They 'cannot stand up to the pressure without substantial US combat support on the ground' |
| What advantages did the Vietcong have in battles? | More used to the jungle; they could blend in with citizens, they had tunnels |
| What was the abbreviation for the South Vietnam army ? | ARVN |
| What was the gasoline-based bomb that the US used to try to expose Vietcong hideouts and tunnels? | Napalm |
| What was the leaf-killing toxic chemical used to kill vegetation? | Agent Orange |
| What did the US launch to try to root out Vietcong supporters? | Search-and-destroy missions |
| How did the US pay for the Vietnam War ? | (1) increased taxes (2) cut spending on Great Society |
| What did critics say was causing the difference between what LBJ's administration said was happening and what was really happening? | Credibility gap |
| Why was US troop morale low ? | (1) didn't know where the enemy was (2) land mines (3) Vietcong wouldn't give up, no matter how many killed |
| Why was the US unsuccessful in winning the 'hearts and minds' of the S. Vietnamese people ? | The use of napalm and Agent Orange, and Search-and-Destroy missions |
| Did the people in the US support the war (through 1967 ?) | yes, but they noticed the TV reports were different than what the govn't said was happening |
| What is the formal name of "The Draft" | The Selective Service System" |
| What was a person called that was exempted from battle because of religious or moral beliefs? | Conscientious Objectors (CO's) |
| What were some ways to avoid Vietnam (legally) ? | Join the National Guard or Coast Guard; go to college, claim medical deferments |
| on average, describe the troops that fought in Vietnam | Working class or poorer; more African-Americans; Men |
| What was the youth movement called in the 1960's ? | The New Left |
| What 'New Left' organization was formed at the Univ of Michigan by Tom Hayden and Al Haber | Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) |
| What 'New Left' organization was formed at UC-Berkeley? | Free Speech Movement (FSM) |
| What did the FSM battle, at first ? | issues of free speech on college campuses |
| What change in college deferments did the LBJ administration make in 1966 ? | you had to be a student in good academic standing to keep your deferment |
| What organization called for civil disobedience at Selective Service centers and oounseled students to flee to Canada and Switzerland ? | SDS |
| What was Americans who believed the US should withdraw from Vietnam called ? | Doves |
| What were Americans who believe the US should use greater military force called ? | Hawks |
| What happened January 1968 ? | Tet Offensive |
| Where did Tet Offensive occur ? | Cities of South Vietnam |
| Robert McNamara's replacement | Clark Clifford |
| What did Clark Clifford think of the Vietnam War ? | Before: strong supporter of LBJ After: "a sinkhole - no end in sight" |
| Strong anti-war critic of LBJ that ran for democratic nomination for President in 1968 | Eugene McCarthy |
| Popular democrat that (at first) decided not to run for President for party loyalty reasons | Robert Kennedy |
| Surprise announcement by LBJ in March, 1968 | He will not run for reelection |
| What happened in the Ambassador Hotel (LA) in June 1968 ? | Robert Kennedy Assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan |
| Where was the Democratic National Convention in 1968 ? | Chicago |
| Who were the two main candidates at the Chicago convention ? | Eugene McCarthy and Hubert Humphrey |
| Describe the 1968 Chicago covention | Outside: Chaos Inside: Chaos |
| Who was the democratic nominee of the 1968 Chicago convention? | Hubert Humphrey |
| Who was the Republican nominee for president in 1968 ? | Richard Nixon |
| Who won the presidential election in 1968, against who ? | Nixon, over Humphrey and Wallace. (Nixon was helped by Wallace due to taking votes away from HHH) |
| What was Nixon's plan called to pull out of Vietnam? | Vietnamization |
| Describe Vietnamization | US troops leave; South Vietnam troops take on more active combat role. |
| Nixon's buzzwords for his plan to pull out of Vietnam | "Peace with Honor" |
| Who did Nixon appeal to, to get support for his war policies? | The Silent Majority |
| What event was led my Lt. William Calley ? | the My Lai Massacre |
| What MAJOR military action did Nixon order without the notification of Congress | invasion of Cambodia |
| What did the invasion of Cambodia trigger on college campuses ? | Demonstrations; student strike; shootings |
| At what college campus did National Guard troops shoot at students? | Kent State in Ohio (4 dead) |
| What documents were leaked out in 1971 regarding the government's plans in Vietnam? | The Pentagon Papers |
| What effect did the Pentagon Papers have on public opinion ? | confirmed the belief that the government had not been honest about the war intentions |
| Who was Nixon's top negotiator in Vietnam? | Henry Kissinger |
| Kissinger's famous statement in Oct 1972 | "Peace is at hand" |
| What happened after the US pulled out of South Vietnam ? | North Vietnam invaded the south. In April 1975 South Vietnam surrendered "The Fall of Saigon" |
| Who was president after Nixon, and why ? | Gerald Ford, who was Nixon's VP, because Nixon resigned due to Watergate scandal |
| What was the biggest unintended consequence of the invasion of Cambodia? | The Khmer Rouge rose to power |
| What legislation was passed in response to the Vietnam War? | War Powers Act |
| What 2 major points did the War Powers Act make? | (1) President must inform Congress within 48 hours if US troops are sent into a hostile area (2) troops can remain there no longer than 90 days without congressional approval |
| What great movement of people happened after the Vietnam War ? | 1.5 million people fled the country (many were 'boat people') many came to the US |
| What did the Khmer Rouge do to Cambodia ? | Killed 2 million Cambodians; executed many govt officials |
Created by:
JoeBounda
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