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us History Test 2
Civil war and reconstruction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Grandfather Clause | constitutional device enacted by 7 southern states between 1895 & 1910 to deny suffrage to American blacks. It worked effectively to exclude blacks from the vote.It waived electoral literacy requirements for lineal descendants of people voting before 1867 |
| Southern War Strategies | The state controlled the armies. they planned to "hold on" and wait for an ally (England & France) |
| Northern War Strategies | The Anaconda Policy: Part 1; Blockade the Southern parts so no trade could be conducted (economically ruining the south) Part 2; Dividing the south by military action in 2 places Part 3; take Richmond |
| South Characteristics | had a cause to fight. Knew the terrain. Defending their own home. Soldier's need little training. Military considered "a man's responsibility". & Superior military leaders |
| North Characteristics | Had more cities, raw materials, factories, money, ships, foodstuffs, roads, railroads, people & had superior government officials |
| Poll Tax | Was used in the south during and after Reconstruction to find a way around the 14th amendment and deny civil rights to blacks. |
| Literacy tests | used to deny suffrage to African-Americans |
| Sharecropping | black families would rent small plots of land in return for a portion of their crop, to be given to the land owner at the end of each year. It tied Blacks to the land. |
| Grandfather Clause | constitutional device enacted by 7 southern states between 1895 & 1910 to deny suffrage to American blacks. It worked effectively to exclude blacks from the vote.It waived electoral literacy requirements for lineal descendants of people voting before 1867 |
| Southern War Strategies | The state controlled the armies. they planned to "hold on" and wait for an ally (England & France) |
| Northern War Strategies | The Anaconda Policy: Part 1; Blockade the Southern parts so no trade could be conducted (economically ruining the south) Part 2; Dividing the south by military action in 2 places Part 3; take Richmond |
| South Characteristics | Agricultural based economy. Opposed Tariffs. & Depended on Slavery |
| North Characteristics | Balanced economy with Agriculture and Industry. Opposed Slavery. & High protective Tariffs |
| Poll Tax | Was used in the south during and after Reconstruction to find a way around the 14th amendment and deny civil rights to blacks. |
| Literacy tests | used to deny suffrage to African-Americans |
| Sharecropping | black families would rent small plots of land in return for a portion of their crop, to be given to the land owner at the end of each year. It tied Blacks to the land. |
| Solid south | The states of the Southern United States that traditionally supported the Democratic party after the Civil War. |
| Anaconda Policy | Part 1:Blockade the southern parts so no trade could be conducted(economically ruining the south) Part 2:Divide the south, by military action, in 2 places(1.Take control of mississippi river 2.marching through Atlanta to the sea Part 3:Take Richmond |
| Richmond | the confederate capital and a major industrial center. A PART OF THE ANACONDA POLICY |
| Total War | Destroying everything in their path |
| Jim Crow Laws | "Separate but equal" status for African-Americans |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | An anti-slavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe. It helped lay ground work for the Civil War. |
| Black Codes | A series of restrictive laws that were designed to restrict freed blacks activity & ensure their availability as a labor force since slavery had been abolished. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | to free slaves in states of Rebellion. Made the war about slavery which stopped Britain and France from helping the south |
| Secession | South Carolina is the first to secede from the union in November of 1860. James Boocanon was president when this happened. Civil War began to preserve the Union. |
| Popular Sovereigny | The source of governmental power lies with the people. (Slavery) |
| Border States | slave states that had not declared secession from the united states. Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri. West Virginia broke away from confederate Virginia and became a new state in the union. |
| Sherman's march to the sea | General Sherman uses Total War. Burned Atlanta to the ground. Destroyed the south physically and mentally making them beg for mercy |
| Battle of Vicksburg | Key military point on the eastern side of the Mississippi River. The Northern Victory split the confederacy into two and freed Grant's army for action in other theaters |
| Appomatox | General Lee Surrenders |
| Battle of Fort Sumter | the opening engagement of the Civil War when South Carolina demanded the surrender of the Union garrison of Fort Sumter |
| Battle Of Antietam | Planned battle in the eastern theater that was tied against General Lee and General McClellan. Was a political turning point in the war. |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Military turning point in the war. 1st real win for the union. Was the deadliest battle that killed 50,000 people and 30,000 horses. It was not planned. |
| Election of 1876 | Rutherford Hayes a republican won the vote to be president and the Southern democrats threatened rebellion forcing a deal to make them less angry. The deal is often referred to as the compromise of 1877 |
| Election of 1860 | Lincoln won the vote for president and a few weeks after the election South Carolina seceded from the Union. |
| Dred Scott Decision | made entire country a slave territory and overturned the 36 30 line. Slaves are property; 5th amendment |
| 13th amendment | Abolish Slavery |
| 14th amendment | Gave blacks equal rights |
| 15th Amendment | gave blacks the right to vote |
| Plessy v. Ferguson Case | Sat in "white car" when should have sat in "colored car". Decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws required racial segregation in public facilities |
| Abolisionist | Goal was the immediate emancipation of all slaves and the end of racial discrimination and segregation. |
| Confederate states | A government set up by 6 of the 7 southern slave states that had declared their secession from the United States. |
| Ford's theater | The place where President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth |
| The compromise of 1877 | unwritten deal that settles the 1876 presidential election. It pulled federal troops out of stat politics in the South and ended the Reconstruction Era. |
| the compromise of 1820 | Also known as the Missouri Compromise. Prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36 30' latitude line. |
| 1861-1865 | The civil war |
| Harper's Ferry Raid | John Brown grabbed a bunch of guys and stole a bunch of guns inciting a slave revolt. He did not get out with any guns. He caused treason which is punishable by death and became a martyr. |
| Reconstruction Act of 1867 | Laid out the process for readmitting southern states into the union |
| Lincoln Assassination | 5 days after lee surrenders Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. The south lose the only friend it had. |
| Gettysburg Address | A Dedication speech given by President Lincoln after the battle of Gettysburg |
| Bleeding Kansas | Period of violence during the settling of the Kansas territory |
| Jefferson Davis | The first and only President of the Confederate States of America |
| General Ulysses S. Grant | Sought to win control of the Mississippi River. Won the Battle of Vicksburg |
| V.P. Johnson | Was supposed to be killed when Lincoln was |
| John Brown | Led the Harper's Ferry Raid and died for his cause |
| Scalawags | Southern Whites who supported reconstruction |
| Carpetbaggers | Northerners who moved to the south during the reconstruction era |
| Eli Whitney | Created the Cotton gin that called for more slaves |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | Created Territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new lands for settlement |
| Compromise of 1850 | Package of 5 bills passed in the U.S. that defused a 4-year confrontation between the slave states of south and free states of North regarding status of territories |
Created by:
CarleyyFriess
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