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Chapter 2
The ottomans build a vast empire
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ghazi | Warrior for Islam. Ghazi is an Arabic term meaning military expeditions or raiding; after the emergence of Islam, it took on new connotations of religious warfare. |
| Ottomans | The Ottoman Empire ruled over great areas of Europe and Asia from 1300 to 1922: from Austria and Poland at one end to Afghanistan and Egypt at the others and almost the entire Mediterranean coast of Africa as far as Morocco. |
| Sultans | Over lord" or one with power" title for Ottoman rulers during the rise of the Ottoman Empire. |
| Timur the lame | Conqueror from Samarkand, who burned Baghdad crushing Ottoman forces at Battle of ankara in 1402, halting expansion of Ottoman Empire. |
| Mehmed 2 | At the age of 21, he conquered Constantinople and brought an end to the Byzantine Empire, transforming the Ottoman state into an empire. Mehmed continued his conquests in Asia, with the Anatolian reunification, and in Europe, as far as Bosnia and Croatia. |
| Suleman the lawgiver | Aka Suleyman the Magnificent; great military leader, created code of law, simplified system of taxation, reduced government bureaucracy. |
| Devshirme | Devşirme was chiefly the practice by which the Ottoman Empire took boys from their Christian families, who were then converted to Islam with the primary objective of selecting and training the ablest children for leadership positions, either as military. |
| Janissary | Member of elite fighting force comprised of Christian slaves in the Ottoman Empire.This was created easily because of the Devshirme system. |
| Safavid | A militant Islamic Sufi order, the Safavids, appeared among Turkish speaking people of west of the Caspian Sea, at Ardabil. The Safavid order survived the invasion of Timur to that part of the Iran in the late 13th century. |
| Isma'il | Founder of Shia Islam known as religious tyrant who killed any citizen who didn't convert. |
| Shah | Shah is a title given to the emperors/kings and lords of Iran and of India. In Iran and Greater Iran it was continuously used; rather than King in the European sense. |
| Shah abbas | Took the Safavid Empire into its golden age, created an empire that took the best out of all neighboring cultures including Ottomans and Persians, reformed military and civilian life in the empire. |
| Esfahan | Shah Abbas built this new capital for the Safavid culture, a showplace for artisans and considered one of the most beautiful capitals in the world. |
| Mughal | Mongols of the Indian Subcontinent. This name was used because they were a mix of the islamic mongols and the native Hindu. |
| Babur | Brilliant general who laid the foundation for the Mughal Empire. |
| Akbar | Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the Empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. (p. 536) |
| Sikh | Nonviolent religous group that blended Buddhism, Hinduism and Sufism.This keep the empire from falling because they could have there on religion. |
| Shah Jahan | Mogul emperor of India during whose reign the finest monuments of Mogul architecture were built (including the Taj Mahal at Agra) (1592-1666) |
| Taj Mahal | Beautiful mausoleum at Agra built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (completed in 1649) in memory of his favorite wife. |
| Aurangzeb | Mughal emperor in India and great-grandson of Akbar 'the Great', under whom the empire reached its greatest extent, only to collapse after his death. |
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malikshabazz12
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