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population and cultu
chapter 3 and 4 vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| culture | the way of life that distinguishes a people, for example, government, language, religion, customs, and beliefs |
| population density | the average number of people living in a given area |
| birthrate | the number of live births each year 1,000 people |
| immigrant | a person who moves into a country |
| emigrant | a person who leaves a country to live else where |
| urbanization | the growth of city population |
| rural | of, or characteristics of, the countryside |
| cultural hearth | a place in which important ideas begin and thereafter spread to surrounding cultures |
| cultural convergence | the contact and interaction of one cultural with another |
| diffusion | the process by which a cultural element in transmitted from one group or individual to another |
| cultural divergence | the restriction of a culture from outside influences |
| sovereignty | a countries freedom and power to decide on policies and actions |
| unitary system | a system of government in which one central government holds most of the political power |
| federation | a government structure in which some powers are given to the national government and other powers are reserved for more local governments |
| confederation | a system of government in which individual political units keep their sovereignty but give limited power to central government |
| authoritarian | descriptive of a system of government in which the leaders hold all the power |
| dictatorship | a system of government in which absolute power held by a small group or one person |
| totalitarianism | a system of government in which a central authority controls all aspects |
| monarchy | a system of authoritarian government headed by a monarch- a king, queen, shah, or sultan whose position is usually inherited |
| democracy | a system of government in which the people are invested with the power to choose their leaders and determine government policy |
| traditional economy | an economic system in which a families produce goods and services for their own use, with little surplus and exchange of goods; also known as a subsistence economy |
| market economy | an economic system in which decisions about production,price, and other economic factors are determined by law of supply and demand |
| command economy | an economic system that is controlled by a single central government |
| natural resources | a material in the natural environment that people value and use to satisfy their needs |
| renewable resources | a natural resource that the environment continues to supply and replace as it is used |
| nonrenewable resources | a natural resource that can not be replaced once it is used |
| fossil fuel | any one of several nonrenewable mineral resource formed from the remains of ancient plant and animals and used for fuel |
| nuclear energy | a type of energy produced by fission the splitting of uranium atoms in nuclear reactor, releasing stored energy |
| water power | energy produced from falling water to move machinery or generate electricity |
| geothermal energy | energy produced from the earth intense interior heat |
| solar energy | energy produced by the sun |
| primary economic activity | an economic activity that takes or uses natural resources directly, such as fishing or mining |
| subsistence farming | farming that provides only enough for the needs of a family or a village |
| commercial farming | the raising of crops and and livestock for sale in markets |
| secondary economic activity | an economic activity in which people use raw materials to produce or manufacture new products of greater value |
| cottage industry | a small scale manufacturing operation using little technology often located near or in peoples home |
| commercial industry | a large scale manufacturing operation that employs many people and produces large quantities of goods |
| tertiary economic activity | an economic activity in which people do not directly gather or process raw materials but pursue activities that serve others; service industry |
| Quaternary economic activity | an economic activity that focuses on the acquisition processing and sharing of information such as education or research |
| export | an item that is sent out of the country for sale |
| import | an item that is brought into a country for sale |
Created by:
cheyenne066
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