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USH chapter 29
US History - chapter 29 - Civil Rights
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1896 Supreme Court decision regarding LA railroads | Plessy v Ferguson |
| Summarize Plessy v Ferguson in 3 words | "Separate but Equal" |
| What happened mid-20th century to begin to change racial attitudes | WWII - whites fought alongside blacks |
| An NAACP lawyer that argued 32 supreme court cases, winning 29 | Thurgood Marshall |
| What was Thurgood Marshall's highest position ? | Supreme Court Justice |
| What was Thurgood Marshall's largest victory in front of the Supreme Court ? | Brown v. BOE |
| What is Rosa Parks known for ? | refusing to give up her seat on a bus |
| Where did Rosa Parks stage her protest (City, State) | Montgomery, AL |
| What did blacks do in response to Rosa Parks incident ? | started the Montgomery Bus Boycott |
| Who led the Montgomery Improvement Association to lead the bus boycott? | Dr. MLK, Jr. |
| What organization did MLK,Jr. found ? | Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) |
| Who made up the SCLC? | more than 100 ministers and Civil Rights leaders |
| Organization of college students formed to protest segregation | Student NonViolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) |
| What does SNCC stand for ? | Student NonViolent Coordinating Committee |
| What kind of protests did SNCC organize (how did they protest ?) | sit-ins |
| Where were the most famous sit-ins ? | Lunch Counters |
| What did Brown v. BOE overturn ? | Separate but Equal (Plessy) |
| Summarize Brown v. Board in 6 words _____ ______ ____ are ______ ______ | Separate Educational Facilities are Inherently unequal |
| Who was chief supreme court justice during Civil Rights Era ? | Earl Warren |
| Group formed by CORE to test Supreme Court decisions in Southern states | Freedom Riders |
| What was necessary for the Freedom Riders to get to their destinations? | Federal Marshals |
| Who was Attorney General during the Freedom Rider campaign? | Robert Kennedy |
| Air Force veteran that was rejected from a southern university after he won a federal court case | James Meredith |
| What southern university was James Meredith rejected from ? | Ole Miss |
| Civil Rights bill the guaranteed equal access to all public accomodations | Civil Rights act of 1964 |
| Large march held in Aug, 1963 | March on Washington |
| Famous Speech given at the March on Washington | "I have a dream" |
| Campaign to register blacks to vote in Mississippi | Freedom Summer |
| What summer was the Freedom Summer? | 1964 |
| Who led the Freedom Summer in Mississippi? | Robert Moses |
| new political party organized by SNCC | MFDP (Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party) |
| Famous voice of the MFDP | Fannie Lou Hamer |
| Why did young people in SNCC and MFDP feel betrayed by civil rights leaders? | The civil rights leaders made deals and compromises in order to maintain political support among whites |
| Law that eliminated literacy tests at the polls | Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
| Type of segregation that was a problem in the North | de facto segregation |
| Segregation by law | de jure segregation |
| Segregation when a law against segregation is in place | de facto segregation |
| African American civil rights leader who believed that AA's should fight back when unlawfully attacked | Malcolm X |
| Why is Malcolm X's name "X" | he rejected his 'slave name' (Little) |
| What religious teachings did Malcolm X follow? | Nation of Islam |
| Famous catch-phrase used by Malcolm X | "Ballots or Bullets" |
| SNCC leader who was arrested for setting up a tent ion the grounds of an all-black high school | Stokely Carmichael |
| Famous catch-phrase used by Stokely Carmichael | Black Power |
| What did MLK, Jr. think of "Black Power" | It shouldn't be used because it provokes violence and antagonizes whites |
| Political party which advocated African- Americans taking control of communities | The Black Panthers |
| What year was MLK, Jr. assassinated...where, and by who? | 1968, by James Earl Ray in Memphis, TN |
| Commission set up by LBJ to study Urban violence | the Kerner Commission |
| Cause of urban violence, per Kerner Commission report | White Racism |
| Law that banned discrimination in housing | Civil Rights Act of 1968 |
| Name two migrations of people before and during the civil rights era | After WWII, Blacks moved north after WWII, and whites moved out of cities to suburbs ("White Flight") |
| Where in the country were most of the race riots ? | Major cities; LA, Detroit, New York |
| What did MLK blame for taking money away from the Great Society? | Vietnam war |
| Name 4 important leaders that were assassinated in the 1960s | JFK, MLK,Jr, Robert Kennedy, Malcolm X |
| First Civil Rights Act that was declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court | Civil Rights Act of 1875 (Supreme Court ruled in 1883) |
| Nickname for laws passed because of Plessy | Jim Crow Laws |
| Laws that restricted social contact, black facilities often inferior | Jim Crow Laws |
| What was the effect (race-wise) of WWII (during war) | demands for labor helped equalize urban areas |
| Organization formed in 1909 that trained lawyers and tested legal segregation | NAACP |
| Decision that state law school must admit blacks | Sweatt v. Painter |
| Brown v. Board - Board of what city, state? | Topeka, KS |
| What did the NAACP decide to focus on ? | Education |
| what was the unintended consequence of Brown v. Board ? | KKK reappeared, white citizens councils sprouted |
| What happened in Little Rock in 1957 ? | Gov. Faubus order national guard to turn away 9 students |
| Girl that walked to school alone in Little Rock | Elizabeth Eckford |
| Reaction of Pres Eisenhower to Little Rock crisis | Sent 1000 paratroopers |
| How long did Montgomery Bus Boycott last ? Was it violent or nonviolent? | 381 days, nonviolent |
| How did the Montgomery Bus Boycott end ? | Federal court order |
| who were some nonviolent resistance leaders in history ? | Jesus, Thoreau, A. Philip Randolph, Gandhi |
| Who organized the March on Washington? | A. Philip Randolph |
| Where did the SNCC organize ? | Shaw University, Raleigh, NC |
| Who helped organize the SNCC | Ella Baker |
| What famous event was organized by CORE in 1942 ? | first sit-in (Chicago) |
| What famous sit-in happened in NC (where were students from ?) | Woolworth lunch counter in Greensboro. Students from NC A&T |
| What happened to Woolworths as a result of how they handled the sit-in in Greensboro? | Woolworths up north were picketed |
| What is a "Soul Force" ? | Another name for nonviolent protest used in civil rights era |
| What was result of first Freedom Ride? | James Peck was beaten and a bus was firebombed |
| What happened in Birmingham to the Freedom Ride? | Police Chief (Bull Conner) stopped them and his men beat the riders and took them to TN |
| Who convinced the bus company to make the driver of the bus continue the trip ? | Attorney General RFK |
| Were the Freedom Riders safe after RFK assured them they would be protected ? | No, they were attacked again. RFK then sent Federal Marshals |
| What city in AL had a bad reputation for racial violence (18 bombings 1957-63) ? | Birmingham |
| What famous letter was written by MLK from AL ? When ? | "Letter from Birmingham Jail", in April 1963 |
| After "Letter from Birmingham Jail" was published, what happened ? | 1000 children marched; Bull Conner arrested 1959 of them. Next day fire hoses & attack dogs and clubs were used on the protesters (on national TV) |
| Who was the Governor of Alabama ? | George Wallace |
| George Wallace's famous saying | "Segregation Now.. Segregation Tomorrow.. Segregation Forever" |
| In June 1963, JFK used federal troops to desegregate what university ? | University of Alabama |
| The same night that JFK gave a famous speech demanding civil rights legislation, who was murdered in Jackson, MS ? Who was he? | Medgar Evers; NAACP field secretary and WWII vet |
| Who murdered Medgar Evers ? Was he convicted (immediately) ? | Byron de la Beckwith. yes, but only after two 'hung' juries (in 1994) |
| What happened two weeks after March on Washington at a church in Birmingham ? | 4 little girls killed in a bombing |
| What percent of blacks did not vote before the "Freedom Summer" ? | 90% |
| Who were Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman, and James Chaney ? | Freedom Summer recruiters that disappeared in June 1964 |
| What were the violent results of Freedom Summer? | 4 dead, 4 critically wounded, 80 beaten, dozens of churches bombed |
| Where did Fannie Lou Hamer give her famous speech? | At the Democratic National Convention |
| Who worked out a compromise with the MFDP at the DNC ? | LBJ |
| What did the MFDP receive as a result of the LBJ compromise ? | 2 seats at convention and promise to ban discrimination at next convention in 1968 |
| Was Fannie Lou Hamer and teh SNCC happy about the LBJ compromise? | No.. this was the beginning of factions in the movement |
| Who was shot in Selma in 1965 (a protester) | Jimmie Lee Jackson |
| what did MLK, Jr. do in response to killing of Jimmie Lee Jackson in Selma? | organized a march from Selma to Montgomery |
| Which Civil Rights Act estabished a Federal Commission on civil rights and set up a civil rights division in the DOJ to enforce it ? | 1957 |
| Which civil rights act banned discrimination in public accomodations, gave the feds more power in school desegration, and established the EEOC ? | 1964 |
| What Act eliminated voter literacy tests and enabled federal examiners to register voters? | Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
| Which civil rights act prohibited discrimination in sale and rental of housing ? | 1968 |
| Where in NYC were riots in 1964 ? | Harlem |
| Where was the major riot in California ? (city & neighborhood) | LA - Watts neighborhood |
| What year had the most urban violence (more than 100 cities) | 1967 |
| Urban Violence - what was the cause besides political and oppression ? | Economic |
| what was the movement called where blacks to control their own communities, business, & culture ? | "Black Pride" |
| Did Malcolm X agree with ending segregation? | No, he was for "separatism" |
| Where did Malcolm X go in 1964 (which changed some of his attitudes) | Mecca |
| When was Malcolm X assassinated ? | 1965 |
| Who did Stokely Carmichael want SNCC to stop recruiting ? | Whites |
| Group started by Huey Newton & Bobby Seale, who urged blacks to control their own communities? | Black Panthers |
| What year was the big "turning point" in civil rights? | 1968 |
| Who assassinated RFK ("Bobby") ? when ? | Sirhan Sirhan (1968) |
| By 1970, what percentage of blacks could vote? | 66% |
| What was the increase in number of blacks in elected office from 1965 to 1992> | 300 to 7,000 |
| Did the schools become more and more integrated from the mid 60's to the '90's ? | No.. due to "White Flight" 75% of blacks in the North and 50% in the south attended predominantly black schools |
| What programs did the government start in the 1960's to try to make up for past discrimination? | Affirmative Action programs |
| What challenge was faced in the 1970's to Affirmative Action? | "Reverse Discrimination" |
| What was the reaction to MLK, Jr. assassination? | 125 cities exploded in flames due to riots |
Created by:
JoeBounda
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