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Foy Ch. 5 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Magna Carta | A 1215 charter of liberties agreed to by King John of England, it made the king obey the same laws as citizens. |
| constitution | A set of basic principles that determines the powers and duties of a government. |
| suffrage | voting rights |
| Articles of Confederation | The 1777 document that created the first central government for the United States; was replaced by the Constitution in 1789. |
| ratification | An official approval. |
| Northwest Territory | Lands including present-day Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; organized by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. |
| tariffs | A tax on imports or exports. |
| interstate commerce | Trade between two or more states. |
| inflation | Increased prices for goods and services combined with the reduced value of money. |
| depression | A steep drop in economic activity combined with rising unemployment. |
| Shays' Rebellion | A 1786-1787 uprising of Massachusetts farmers, led by Daniel Shays, to protest high taxes, heavy debt, and farm foreclosures. |
| Constitutional Convention | A 1787 meeting held in Philadelphia at which delegates from the states wrote the Constitution. |
| Great Compromise | A 1787 agreement establishing that a state's population would determine representation in the lower house of the legislature, while each state would have equal representation in the upper house of the legislature. |
| Three-fifths Compromise | A 1787 worked out at the Constitutional Convention stating that only three-fifths of the slaves in a state would count when determining its population for representation in the lower house of Congress. |
| popular sovereignty | The idea that political authority belongs to the people. |
| federalism | U.S. system of government in which power is distributed between a central government and individual states. |
| legislative branch | The division of government that proposes bills and passes them into laws. |
| executive branch | The division of government that includes the president and the administrative departments; enforces the nation's laws. |
| judicial branch | The division of the federal government that is made up of the national courts; interprets laws, punishes criminals, and settles disputes between states. |
| checks and balances | A system established by the Constitution that prevents any branch of government from becoming too powerful. |
| Antifederalists | People who opposed ratification of the Constitution. |
| Federalists | People who supported ratification of the Constitution. |
| Federalist Papers | A series of essays that defended and explained the Constitution and tried to reassure Americans that the states would not be overpowered by the proposed national government. |
| amendment | Official change, correction, or addition to a law or constitution. |
| Bill of Rights | The first 10 amendments to the Constitution; ratified in 1791. |
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