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NWHSU Anatomy Quiz 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Completely immovable joints | Synarthrosis |
| Slightly movable joints | Amphiarthrosis |
| Freely movable joints | Diarthrosis |
| Study of Bones | Osteology |
| Study of Joints | Arthrology |
| 3 other names for joints | juncturae, articulations, arthroses |
| Only fibrous joint that is slightly movable | Syndesmosis |
| List 3 characteristics of a syndesmosis joint | considerable space between bones, united by interosseous ligament (or membrane), slightly movable |
| Example of a syndesmosis joint | Distal tibiofibular joint |
| A Fibrous joint limited to the skull | Suture |
| List 3 characteristics of a suture joint | Bones are closely adjacent often along a wavy line, united by a small amount of dense fibrous ct called a sutural ligament, immovable |
| How many types of suture joints are there | technically 5 but some classify schindylesis as a 6th type |
| Which suture joint has serrated edges and what is an example | Serrate Suture, example is the saggital suture |
| Which suture joint has tooth-like projections and what is an example | Denticulate Suture, example is the lambdoidal suture |
| Which suture joint has the bones overlapping | Squamous Suture |
| Which suture joint is overlapped and serrated and what is an example | Limbous Suture, example is the coronal suture |
| Which suture joint has two smooth surfaces coming together and what are two examples | Plane Suture, between maxillae, between zygomatic bones |
| What suture joint is sometimes recognized as a suture joint and sometimes it is a different category of fibrous joint | Schindylesis |
| What is known as the peg and socket joint | Gomphosis |
| What are two characteristics of a peg and socket joint and what is an example | CT holds it in place, immovable, example is the roots of teeth in the mandible and maxillae |
| What is a fibrous joint also sometimes listed as a type of suture, what are two characteristics of this joint, and what is an example | Schindylesis, ridged bone fits in a groove, immovable, example is between vomer and sphenoid bone |
| What joint are the bones connected by cartilage | cartilaginous joints |
| What is another name for the cartilaginous joint synchondrosis | hyaline cartilage joint |
| List 4 characteristics of the hyaline cartilage joint | bones are united by hyaline cartilage, primary cartilaginous joint, immovable, usually a temporary joint |
| What are 3 examples of hyaline cartilage joints | developing bone where the bony epiphysis + diaphysis are joined by an epiphyseal plate cartilage, joint between sphenoid and occipital bone, between body of sternum + xiphoid bone |
| What is the other type of cartilaginous joint that isn't the hyaline cartilage joint also known as symphesis | Fibrocartilaginous Joint |
| What are 4 characteristics of fibrocartilaginous joints | bones are joined by fibrocartilage, secondary cartilaginous joint, limited flexible movement, permanent joint |
| What is/are the step(s) of a 1 degree cartilaginous joint | 1 step - messenchyme cells turn to hyaline cartilage between bones |
| What is/are the step(s) of a 2 degree cartilaginous joint | 2 step - (1)messenchyme cells form a mesenchymal plate between bones (2)mesenchymal plate becomes hyaline cartilage |
| What are 2 examples of a fibrocartilaginous joint | intervertebral discs, pybic synphysis |
| Most joints of the body are this type | Synovial Joint |
| List 3 characteristics of synovial joints | joints cavity seperates bones, surrounding ligaments hold the bones together, diarthrosis |
| There are 4 structures of a synovial joint List the two articular capsules | inner capsule - synovial membrane outer capsule - fibrous membrane (ligaments may be visible) |
| What are the other 2 structures of a synovial joint other than the two articular capsules | Synovial joint cavity filled with synovial fluid, articular cartilage (usually hyaline), |
| What are the 3 types of synovial joints according to the number of articulating surfaces | simple synovial joint, compound synovial joint, complex synovial joint |
| How many articulating surfaces does a simple synovial joint have and what is an example | 2 articulating surfaces, metacarpophalangeal joint |
| How many articulating surfaces does a compound synovial joint have and what is an example | more than 2 articulating surfaces, elbow |
| What does a complex synovial joint have that a simple and compound do not and what are two examples | a meniscus is present, knee or acromioclavicular joint |
| What are the four types of movement for synovial joints | translocation movement, uniaxial movement, biaxial movement/joints, multiaial movement/joints |
| What is a translocation movement | gliding movement |
| What type of synovial joint has translocation movement | plane joint or gliding joint |
| What are the 9 types of gliding diarthrodial joints | intercarpal, intertarsal, intervertebral, costovertebral, Sternocostal(except rib 1 immovable), sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, tibiofibular, Temporomandibular(hinge and gliding) |
| intercarpal and intertarsal joints are diarthrodial ________ | diarthrodial gliding joints |
| intervertebral and costovertebral joints are diarthrodial __________ | diarthrodial gliding joints |
| sternocostal joints (except rib 1 immovable) are diarthrodial __________ | diarthrodial gliding joints |
| sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints are diarthrodial _______________ | diarthrodial gliding joints |
| The proximal tibiofibular joint is diarthrodial _______ | a diarthrodial gliding joint |
| The temporomandibular joint is diarthrodial _______ and _______ | diarthrodial gliding and hinge joint |
| What are 2 characteristics of a plane joint or gliding joint | surfaces are flat or slightly convex, surfaces glide over each other |
| Movement around a single axis (x, y, z) __ degree of movement | Uniaxial movement 1 degree of movement |
| What specific synovial joint occurs in the transverse axis to the body with uniaxial movement | ginglymus or hinge joint |
| Two characteristics of ginglymus joints | movement is back and forth in one plane, movement is limited to flexion and extension because strong colateral ligaments are present |
| What are the 5 hinge joints | talocrural joint, interphalangeal joint, knee (more complex), humeroulna joint, temporomandibular(also gliding joint) |
| Talocrural joint is a diarhtrodial _______ | diarthrodial hinge joint |
| Interphalangeal joints are diarthrodial _____ | diarthrodial hinge joints |
| The knee joint is a diarthrodial ______ | diarthrodial hinge joint (More complex) |
| The humeroulna joint is a diarthrodial ______________ | diarthrodial hinge joint |
| The temporomandibular joint is a diarthrodial ____________ | diarthrodial hinge joint |
| The Symphysis pubis joint is a __________ symphysis | amphiarthrodial symphysis |
| What specific synovial joint occurs in the vertical axis to the body with uniaxial movement | Trochoid/Pivot Joint |
| What are 2 characteristics of the pivot joint | central bony pivot surrounded by an osteoligamentous ring, movement is around a vertical axis through the center of the pivot |
| What is the joint that the pivot rotates within the ring | proximal radioulnar joint (anular ligament with head of radius) |
| What is the joint that the ring rotates around the pivot | Atlantoaxial joint aka atlanto-epistropheal joint (between dens and axis and ring formed by the anterior arch of Atlas and its transverse ligament) |
| the movement that occurs around 2 axes at right angles to one another (2degree freedom of movement) | Biaxial Movement |
| What are the two uniaxial joints | ginglymus(hinge joint) and trochoid(pivot joint) |
| What are the three biaxial joints | Condyloid(Condylar Joint), Ellipsoid Joint, Sellar(Saddle Joint) |
| What is the one multiaxial joint | Spheroid(Ball in Socket Joint) |
| What are the movements of Condylar Joints | abduction, adduction, circumduction, (sometimes very limited rotation) |
| What are two characteristics of Condylar movement | convex condyle articulates with a concave surface, movement is mainly in one plane (extension and flexion) |
| What are the two main condylar joints and what is the third one sometimes listed | metacarpophalangeal joint, metatarsophalangeal joint, sometimes atlanto-occipital joint |
| What joint is similar to a condyloid joint but the surfaces are elliptical | Ellipsoid Joint |
| What are the movements of Ellipsoid Joints | flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, (No rotation due to eliptical shape) |
| What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint | Ellipsoid Joint |
| What joint is sometimes listed as an ellipsoid joint | atlanto-occipital joint |
| What joint is hsapped like a saddle (concavoconvex) | Sellar/Saddle Joint |
| What are the movements of a saddle joint | flexion, extension, aduction, abduction, circumduction |
| The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is a ____ joint | diarthrodial saddle joint |
| What movement can occur in all 3 axes (3degrees freedom of movement) | multiaxial movement |
| What joint is also called an enarthrosis | spheroid/ball in socket joint |
| What joint has a globular head that fits in a cup-like cavity | ball in socket joint |
| what are the movements of a ball in socket joint | flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation |
| What are the two examples of a ball and socket joint | shoulder and hip joint |
| What type of joint is a sacroiliac joint early in life and what type of symphysis does it become later | Diarthrodial (early) Amphiarthrodial symphysis |
| The change in a position of bones in reference to one another is _______ | movement |
| Motion at any particular joint depends on 4 things: | 1Shape of articulating surfaces 2Material uniting bones together (fibrous ct, cartilage, or cavity) 3tension of ligaments, muscles and tendons 4angle of pull of various muscles crossing the joint |
| Motion has both ____ and _______ | range and force |
| Range is | direction and distance |
| Force is | strength of movement |
| An opening, hole, or passage | foramen |
| shallow or hallow depression | fossa |
| shallow groove or furrow | sulcus |
| passage or channel | meatus |
| long, narrow opening or line of breakage by crackoing or splitting | fissure |
| cavity within a bone | sinus |
| rounded protuberance at the end of a bone (forming an articulation) | condyle |
| small rounded projection or protuberance | tubercle |
| protuberance on a bone for muscle attachment | tuberosity |
| large protuberance where muscles attach to upper thigh | trochanter |
| rounded end of a long bone | head |
| ridge of a bone | crest |
| pointed projection or process that covers a line of a bone | spine |
| prominence or projection | process |
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