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Government
Government/Civics Vocab and principles
| Vocab, Idea, Principle | Information |
|---|---|
| Preamble | Introduction to the Constitution |
| To Form a More Perfect Union | The Articles of Confederation did not work, so the founding fathers are trying again with a new one. |
| Establish Justice | Each citizen in the new country needed to be treated equally. |
| To insure domestic Tranquility | Direct result of Shay's Rebellion. New government will be able to keep peace in the country. Citizens can expect the government to be able to get rid of social unrest. |
| Provide for the Common Defense | Gives the federal government the power to maintain armed forces to protect the nation. |
| To promote the general welfare | Provides for the well-being of the nation. |
| Secure Blessings of Liberty | Constitution guarantees that no American's basic rights will be taken away. |
| Popular Sovereignty | Major principle of the Constitution. "Authority of the people." |
| Republicanism | Major principle of the Constitution. People elect their political representatives. |
| Limited Government | Major principle of the United States. The Constitution limits the actions of government by specifically listing powers it does and does not have. |
| Federalism | Major principle of the Constitution. In this government system, power is divided between national and state governments. |
| Separation of Powers | Major principle of the Constitution. Each of the three branches of government has its own responsibilities. |
| Checks and Balances | Major principle of the Constitution. Each branch of government holds some control of the other two branches. |
| Individual Rights | Major Principle of the Constitution. Basic liberties and rights of all citizens are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. |
| Enumerated powers | Powers that belong only to the federal government; coin money, regulate interstate and foreign trade, maintain the armed forces and create federal courts. |
| Reserved powers | Powers retained (kept) by the state; establish schools, pass marriage and divorce laws, regulate trade within the state. |
| Concurrent powers | Powers that are shared by state and federal governments; raise taxes, borrow money, provide for the public welfare, and administer criminal justice. |
| Amendments | Changes to the Constitution.l Difficult process on purpose. |
| Elastic Clause | "make all laws that are necessary and proper." Congress has certain implied powers to pass laws to deal with the needs of society. |
| Implied Powers | Powers not specifically stated in the Constitution |
| Commerce Clause | ."regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states." Used in areas like regulating the airline industry, radio and television, and nuclear energy. |
| Marbury v. Madison | The Supreme Court case that gave the Supreme Court the power of judicial review. |
| Judicial Review | The courts right to determine if a law or action violates the Constitution. |
| Congress | The Legislative Branch: Senate AND House of Representatives |
| Role of Congress | 1. Create nations laws 2. Control government spending |
| Impeach | Bring formal charges against any federal official it suspects of wrongdoing or misconduct. |
| Constituents | The people a Senator and Representative represent |
| Bills | Proposed laws |
| Standing Committees | permanent committees in both the House and the Senate that specialize in a particular topic. |
| Subcommittees | Temporary committees that deal with issues requiring special attention. |
| Joint Committees | Members are from both the Senate and the House of Representatives. |
| Conference Committee | Works out a compromise bill if the House and Senate pass different versions of the same bill. |
| Chief Executive | President is responsible for carrying out the nation's laws. |
| Chief Diplomat | President directs foreign policy, appoints ambassadors, and negotiates treaties with other nations. |
| Commander in Chief | Controls the armed forces. Can use the military to intervene or offer assistance in crises at home or around the world. Can only hold the troops anywhere for 60 days. |
| Chief of State | Symbolic role of representing all Americans. |
| Legislative Leader | Proposing laws to Congress, State of the Union Address. |
| Cabinet | A group that helps the president make decisions and set government policy. |
| District Courts | Lowest of the Federal Courts. 91 in the nation. Hear criminal and civil cases. |
| Appeals Court | Above the district courts. Reviews the decision made by the district court. If it agrees it is upheld, if not there is a retrial ordered. |
| Supreme Court | The highest Court in the nation. 9 justices. |
| Duties of the Supreme Court | 1. decide which cases to hear. 2. Deciding the case itself. 3. Writing the courts opinion, which is the courts decision. |
| Rights of Citizens Categories | 1. The right to be protected from unfair actions of the government. 2. Have equal treatment under the law. 3. Have basic freedoms. |
| Due Process of Law | The government must follow procedures established by the Constitution and treat all people according to those principles. |
| Citizen | A person who owes loyalty to and is entitled to the protection of a state or nation. |
| Naturalization | The granting of full citizenship to a foreigner. |
| Duties of Citizens | 1. Obey the law. 2. Pay taxes. 3. Defend the nation. 4. Serve on a jury if called. |
| Responsibilities of Citizens | 1. Know what the government is doing and voice your opinion. 2. Know your rights and exercise them when necessary. |
Created by:
Mrs. Hastings
Popular U.S. History sets