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Poli Si- Topic 1
Section 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 5 characteristics of the American Political System? | Conflict, Competition, Cooperation, Community, Compromise |
| Describe the characteristic of the American Political System, "Conflict" | we have a consitutional democracy with opposing views |
| Describe the characteristic of the American Political System, "Competition" | we compete for favorable outputs of government |
| Describe the characteristic of the American Political System, "Cooperation" | the system requires compromise for anything to happen |
| Describe the characteristic of the American Political System, "Community" | we have a pluralistic society comitted to the democratic concept that all men are created equal |
| What type of socitey do we have? | Pluralistic |
| Describe the characteristic of the American Political System, "Compromise" | fuels cooperation |
| What kind of democracy does America have? | constitutional |
| Describe what having a consitutional democracy in America means- | it is a democracy of the people, for the people, by the people |
| What percent of people are making the decisions in government? | 6% |
| Plato viewed man as ________ and truth as _________ | rational; universal |
| What did Plato believe about government? | that there were natural class divisions of society, and the Philosopher Kings governed in accordance with Truth, with application of human reason |
| What is law to Plato? | not truth, based on custom |
| What did Plato write? | "The Republic" |
| Aristotle, along with Plato, viewed man as _________ | rational |
| How did Aristotle view government? | in order for man to be fully human you had to participate in the carrying out of governings of the state |
| What did Aristotle believe about "good government" | it is that which rules to benefit the whole of society |
| What did Aristotle believe about "bad government" & what is another word he used to call it | perversion; it rules to enrich itself |
| How did Locke view man? | man was born with the inalienable rights |
| What are the inalienable rights? | life, liberty, and the pursuit of property |
| How did Locke view government? | government exists to secure our inalienable rights |
| What did Locke write? | "2 Treaties on Civil Government" |
| How did Montesquieu view man? | if they had too much power it would be corrupt |
| How did Montesquieu view government? | believed in a decentralized (fragmented) government |
| What did Montesquieu write? | "Spirit of Laws" |
| Aristotle calls a "good" government by the 1- | Monarchy |
| Aristotle calls a "good" government by the few- | Artistocracy |
| Aristotle calls a "good" government by the many- | Polity |
| Aristotle calls a "bad" government by the 1- | Tyrant |
| Aristotle calls a "bad" government by the few- | Oligarchy |
| Aristotle calls a "bad" government by the many- | Democracy |
| What are the 5 essential elements of a State (-Nation) | Population, Territory, Permanence, Political Organization, and Sovereignty |
| What does it mean to have a "political organization" | any form of government |
| What are the 3 elements of Sovereignty | 1. Supreme political authority 2. Capable of compulsary enforcement 3. Relatively free from external control |
| What was Shay's Rebellion? | the march of thousands of armed farmers against the government of Massachusetts |
| What did Shay's Rebellion show? | the instability of state government |
| What were the Federalists Papers? | papers written about wanting the constitution ratified |
| Who wrote the Federalists Papers? | Madison, Hamilton, & Jay |
| How were the Federalists Papers signed? | an anonymous pseudonym |
| What were the founder's 3 characteristics in the Constitutional Convention? | 1. very wealthy & educated 2. Deists 3. did not like/feared "the people" |
| Why did the founding fathers fear/dislike "the people" | majority was uneducated and inclined to only have their best interest in mind |
| Who was the "Father of the Constitution" and why? | James Madison, because his views are largely portrayed throughout the document |
| Who was the President of the Constitutional Convention and what kind of leader was he? | George Washington, he was a relucant leader |
| In the Constitutional Convention, what did Edmund Randolph want and what was his plan to solve it? | to abolish the Articles of Confederation and create a new system of government; proposed the VIrginia Plan |
| Describe Edmund Randolph's "Virginia Plan" | 2 houses (bicameral), where the house of reps. was apportioned by population and the other house was selected by the house of reps. |
| Why was there conflict with Edmund Randolph's "Virginia Plan" | the small states opposed it because it was based on population |
| The conflict over the "Virginia Plan" was attempted to be solved by what plan? | the New Jersey Plan |
| Describe the "New Jersey Plan" | unicameral with equal representation |
| What was the problem with the "New Jersey Plan" | it had equal representation which was the same as Congress was under the Articles of Confederation, which was not working |
| What plan was proposed in order to solve the conflicts between the "New Jersey Plan" | Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise) |
| Describe the Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise) | bicameral where the house of reps. were apportioned by population and the Senate had equal representation |
| Out of the Virginia Pla, New Jersey Plan, and Connecticut Compromise, which one do we have now? | Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise) |
| What was a very controversial topic during the Constitutional Convention, yet not mentioned once in it? | Slavery |
| What were the 2 conflicts the founding fathers faced on Slavery during the Constitutional Convention? | 1. how do we count the slave population to account for representation? 2. conflict between free states/slave states and accounting population for representation |
| What was the founding fathers compromise for the issue over slavery? | To account for 3/5 |
| What did Congress write in the Constitution to ease the worries of the southern states thinking the North would abolish slavery? | "The Commerce Compromise"- wrote that congress would not prohibit such persons... |
| How long did Congress wait to address slavery and what did they say about it? | 20 years; the slaves were taxed- $1 a person |
| Why was Congress faced with the issue of how to pick an executive (President)? | They didn't have a previous model |
| What did Congress create to answer the question of how to choose a President? | The Exectutive Compromise |
| What was the Executive Compromise? | a compromise with the Electoral College saying that these electors come from the political parties in each state who chooses them |
| What is the case that established the power of judicial review? | Marbury v. Madison |
| What is the number of governments in America? | over 89,000 |
| What is the conflict between liberal and security? | in order to feel more secure we have given up our freedom |
| What was the conflict in McCulloch v. Maryland? | the bank argued that the state did not have the right to tax |
| What did the supreme court justice say about taxing? (McCulloch v. Maryland) | the power to tax is the power to destroy |
| The bank in Maryland was created under which clause and to carry out which powers? | Necessary and Proper; Expressed/Enumerated powers |
| What did the McCulloch v. Maryland case establish | the notion of national supremacy & strengthened the power of Congress |
| What are the 7 benefits of federalism? | 1-decentralization 2-protection of liberty 3-increasing participation 4-improves efficiency 5-encourages policy innovation 6-ensures policy responsiveness 7-manages conflict |
| What are the 3 problems of federalism? | 1-obstructs action 2-frustrates national policy 3-obstructs uniformity in policy |
| Why is decentralization an importance of federalism? | because "too much power in one place leads to corruption" |
| Why is the protection of liberty an importance of federalism? | freedom |
| Why is increasing participation an importance of federalism? | there are so many levels & opportunities to participate |
| Why is improved efficiency an importance of federalism? | it is more efficient if lower levels of gov't provide services closer to home |
| Why is encouraging policy innovation an importance of federalism? | states can try out different programs to see what works best |
| Why is ensuring policy responsiveness an importance of federalism? | it manages conflict |
| Why is managing conflict an importance of federalism? | we have many competing ideas |
| What is an example of obstructing action being a weakness of federalism? | segregation |
| What is an example of frustrating national policy being a weakness of federalism? | waste disposal plants |
| Why is obstructing uniformity and policy a weakness of federalism? | costs & benefits spread unevenly |
| What is the I Article of the Const. and what does it provide? | Legislative- enacts law, enumerated and implied powers, limits on government |
| What is the II Article of the Const. and what does it provide? | Executive- enforces law, electoral college |
| What is the III Article of the Const. and what does it provide? | Judicial- interperets law, created 1st Supreme Court & allows Congress to create additional courts |
| What is the IV Article of the Const. and what does it provide? | Interstate Relations- how states interact with one another, "Priveleges and Immunities" and "Full Faith and Credit" |
| What is the V Article of the Const. and what does it provide? | Amendments- how to alter the Const. |
| What is the VI Article of the Const. and what does it provide? | Supremacy Clause- says the US Const. is the supreme law of the land |
| In Article VI of the Constitution it states that the US Const. is the supreme law of the land; followed by what other 4 laws | state constitutions, federal law, state law, local ordinances |
| What is the VII Article of the Const. and what does it provide? | Ratification- how the document was approved |
| Desribe a Unitary form of government- | power is held at the National level |
| What is a present example of a Unitary form of government? | Britain |
| What is the most common form of government in the world today? | Unitary |
| Describe a Confederal form of government- | power to the states |
| What is a present example of a Confederal form of government? | European Union |
| Describe a Federal form of government- | power is divided between the Nation & states in which each enforces its laws directly on you and decentraizes power |
| What is a present example of a Federal form of government? | America |
| What type of government did we have under the Articles of Confederation? | Confederal |
| What tyoe of government did we have before we were under the Articles of Confederation? | Unitary |
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