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Chapter 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Progressivism | movement that to the pressure of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms |
| Muckraker | a writer who exposes a misconduct in politics |
| Social Gospel | reform movement that emerged in the late nineteenth century that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles |
| Settlement house | community center organized at the turn of the twentieth century to provide social services to the urban poor |
| Direct primary | election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections |
| Initiative | process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot |
| Referendum | process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature |
| Recall | process by which voters can remove elected officials from office before their terms end. |
| NCL | group organized to investigate how the conditions are where goods are being made |
| Temperance movement | movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems created by it |
| Suffrage | the right to vote |
| NAWSA | group founded in 1890 that worked on both the state and national levels to earn women right to vote |
| Nineteenth Amendment | constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote |
| Americanization | immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens |
| Niagara Movement | group of African American thinkers founded in 1905 that pushed for immediate racial reforms, particularly in education and voting practices |
| NAACP | interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans |
| Urban League | network of churches and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work in the cities |
| Anti-Defamation League | organization formed in 1913 to defend Jews against physical and verbal attacks and false statements |
| Mutualistas | organized groups of Mexican American that make loans and provide legal assistance to the community |
| Square Deal | President Theodore Roosevelt program reforms to keep rich people from taking advantage of the poor |
| Hepburn Act | 1906 law that gave the government the authority to set railroad rates and maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines |
| Meat Inspection Act | 1906 law that allowed the government to to inspect meat sold across state lines |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | 1906 law that allowed federal inspections of food and medicines |
| National Reclamation Act | 1902 law that gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed. |
| New Nationalism | President Theodore Roosevelt plan to restore the government trustbusting power |
| Progressive Party | political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republican Party in 1912 |
| New Freedom | Woodrow Wilsons program to place government controls on corporations in order to benefit small businesses |
| Sixteen Amendment | 1913 constitutional amendment that gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax |
| Federal Reserve Act | 1913 law that placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board |
| Federal Trade Commission | government agency established in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices , false advertising , and dishonest labeling |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | 1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act |
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