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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Punic Wars | three wars fought between Carthage and the Roman Republic between 264 BCE and 146 BCE |
| Roman Republic: | a political state established by the Roman people that had a representative government for its citizens; it lasted from 509 BCE to 27 BCE |
| Roman Empire: | an empire that dominated the Mediterranean region and lasted from 27 BCE to 476 BCE |
| Constantine I: | Roman emperor who ruled from 306 CE to 337 CE |
| Byzantine Empire: | the eastern part of the Roman Empire, which last from the 300s to 1453 |
| Constantinople: | the capital and economic and religious center of the Byzantine Empire |
| Alexandria: | a religious center of the Byzantine Empir |
| Antioch: | the government center of the far eastern Byzantine Empire |
| Ravenna: | the government center of the Italian territory of the Byzantine Empire |
| Syracuse: | the capital of the island of Sicily |