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Chapter 7
vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Jim Crow Laws | kept the blacks and whites segregated, or apart. |
| Poll Tax | required voters to pay a tax to vote |
| Literacy Test | a test of one's ability to read and write. |
| Grandfather Clause | A portion of a statute that provides that the law is not applicable in certain circumstances due to preexisting facts |
| Spoils System | postelection practice of rewarding loyal supporters of the winning candidates and party with appointive public offices. |
| Civil Service | permanent professional branches of a government's administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians |
| Pendleton Civil Service Act | federal law established the United States Civil Service Commission, which placed most federal government employees on the merit system and marked the end of the so-called spoils system. |
| Gold Standard | system by which the value of a currency was defined in terms of gold, for which the currency could be exchanged |
| Grange | a farmers' association organized in 1867 |
| Populist Party | former political party in the United States; formed in 1891 to advocate currency expansion and state control of railroads |