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Gross Anatomy 2
Brain Stuff
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contains the corticospinal tract in what part of the brain | pyramids and pyramidal decussation; Medulla |
| Produced by the inferior olivary nucleus which projects fibers to the cerebellum in what part of the brain | Olive; Medulla |
| Contains ascending ipsilateral sensory fibers from T6 and below in what part of the brain | fasciculus gracilis; Medulla |
| Contains ascending ipsilateral sensory fibers from T6 and above in what part of the brain | fasciculus cuneatus; Medulla |
| Produced by the nucleus gracilis where fibers from fasciculu gracilis synapse in what part of the brain | gracile tubercle; Medulla |
| Produced by nucleus cuneatus where fibers from fasciculus cuneatus synapse in what part of the brain | cuneate tubercle; Medulla |
| Cranial nerves emerging from Medulla | CN 9,10, 11(cranial portion), 12 |
| Sulci and fissures on the Medulla | ventrolateral sulcus, dorsolateral sulcus, dorsal median, ventral median fissure |
| Fibers connecting the medulla and cerebellum | inferior cerebellar peduncle |
| Cranial nerve nuclei in the Medulla | CN 8(Part), 9, 10, 11(cranial portion), 12, 5(Part) |
| Pons is divided into two parts | Dorsal pons/tegmentum and basal pons |
| Part of the pons that forms the floor of the 4th ventricle and contains nuclei and tracts | Dorsal pons/tegmentum |
| Ventral, bulbous portion of the pons | Basal pons |
| Contains neurons whose axons cross to the opposite side and enter the cerebellum | Basal pons |
| Basal pons provides a connection between ____ and the ____ | cerebellum and contralateral cerebrum |
| Fibers connecting the pons and the cerebellum | middle cerebellar peduncle |
| Cranial nerve nuclei in the dorsal pons/tegmentum | CN 5(part), 6, 7, 8(part) |
| Cranial nerves emerging from the pons | CN 5(part), 6, 7, 8(part) |
| Regions of the midbrain | tectum and cerebral peduncle |
| Midbrain is divided by what? | cerebral aquaduct |
| Part of the midbrain that is dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct | Tectum |
| Part of the midbrain that is ventral to the cerebral aqueduct | cerebral peduncle |
| Cerebral peduncle is divided into two parts | tegmentum and basal peduncle |
| Posterior to substantia nigra | tegmentum |
| Anterior to substantia nigra and contains corticospinal tract | basal peduncle |
| This is in the tectum of the midbrain and its composed of what | corpora quadrigemina; superior colliculi and inferior colliculi |
| Cranial nerves emerging from the midbrain | CN 3 and 4 |
| Fibers connecting the midbrain and cerebellum | Superior cerebellar peduncle |
| Cranial nerve nuclei in the midbrain | 3,4,5(part) |
| Other nuclei in the midbrain | red nucleus, substantia nigra, superior colliculus and inferior colliculus |
| An extrapyramidal motor nucleus | Red Nucleus |
| Extrapyramidal motor nucleus and site of pathology in parkinson's | substantia nigra |
| Nuclei involved in visual reflexes | Superior colliculus |
| Nuclei involved in the auditory pathway | Inferior colliculus |
| Core of the cerebrum | Diencephalon |
| A large collection of nuclei in the diencephalon which project to the cerebral cortex | thalamus |
| Thalamus has 3 parts | medial geniculate, lateral geniculate and ventral posterior |
| Of the thalamus, which part is involved in the auditory pathyway | medial geniculate |
| Of the thalamus, which part is involved in the visual pathway | lateral geniculate |
| Of the thalamus which part is involved in the general sensory pathways | ventral posterior |
| Collection of nuclei located anterior and inferior to the thalamus | hypothalamus |
| Influences the autonomic and endocrine systems | hypothalamus |
| What does the hypothalamus include | mamillary nucleus and infundibulum |
| Region above and posterior to the thalamus | epithalamus |
| What does the epithalamus contain | pineal gland |
| Lobes of the telencephalon | frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, insula |
| Primary motor area | In frontal lobe on precentral gyrus |
| Secondary motor area/premotor area | Anterior to the primary motor area in the frontal lobe |
| Primary somatic sensory/primary general sensory area/somatosensory area | On the postcentral gyrus in the parietal lobe, for general sensation |
| Primary auditory area | In the temporal lobe, for hearing |
| Primary visual area | In the occiptal lobe adjacent to the calcarine fissure, mostly on the medial aspect, for vision |
| Motor speech area/broca's area | On the lateral frontal lobe |
| Sensory language area/wernicke's area | On the temporal and parietal lobes, usually on the left side |
| Olfactory area | On the medial aspect of the temporal lobe |
| Areas adjacent to each of the primary sensory cortices, where meaning is given to the sensation | Association Cortex |
| Large, C-shaped extrapyramidal motor nucleus located in the wall of the lateral ventricle of the telencephalon | caudate nucleus |
| Wedge-shaped extrapyramidal motor nucleus of the telencephalon | lenticular nucleus |
| Lenticular nucleus is composed of two distinctly different nuclei | Putamen(lateral nucleus) & Globus Pallidus(medial nucleus) |
| Located in the temporal lobe associated with the olfactory and limbic systems | Amygdaloid Nucleus |
| Fibers in the medullary white that connect cortices within the same hemisphere | Association Fibers |
| Fibers in the medullary white that connect cortices in opposite hemispheres | Commissural Fibers |
| Fibers in the medullary white that connect the cortex with subcortical areas | Projection Fibers |
| Major white areas | Internal Capsule, Corpus Callosum, Fornix |
| Essentially a large extrapyramidal motor center located in the posterior cranial fossa | cerebellum |
| Functions of the cerebellum | maintains equilibrium, adjusts muscle tone, influences synergy of muscle movement, influences voluntary, fine motor movement |
| CT coverings over the brain and spinal cord | Meninges |
| Delicate vascular tissue lying on the surface of the PNS | Pia Mater |
| External to the pia mater | Arachnoid mater |
| Between the pia and arachnoid mater | subarachnoid space |
| What contains CSF | subarachnoid space |
| Outermost layer | dura mater |
| Blood spaces within the dura overlying the brain and contains most of the venous blood from the brain | dural sinuses |
| Small outpockets of archnoid bulging into the dural sinuses | arachnoid granulations/arachnoid villi |
| Dural reflection that separates the left and right hemispheres | falx cerebri |
| Dural reflection that forms a tent over the cerebellum | Tentorium Cerebelli |
| Sheath of dural withing the vertebral canal extending from the foramen magnum to the second sacral segment and anchored to the coccyx by what? | Dural Sac; filum terminale |
| Tooth-like lateral extensions of the pia around the cord | Denticulate ligaments |
| Anchors the pia and arachnoid to the dura | Denticulate ligaments |
| A pair in the cerebral hemispheres connected to the third ventricle by the what? | Lateral Ventricles; Interventricular foramina |
| In midline and in diencephalon | 3rd ventricle |
| In the midbrain and connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles | Cerebral Aqueduct |
| Between cerebellum and pons/medulla | 4th Ventricle |
| Expanded subarachnoid spaces | Cisterns |
| Medial and lateral apertures open into this space | Cerebellomedullary Cistern |
| Vascular CT inside the ventricles that forms the CSF | Choroid Plexus |
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