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Gross Anatomy 2
Larynx
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Landmark of the larynx | laryngeal prominence |
| Where is the larynx | midline of the anterior aspect of then neck between C4 and C6 |
| 4 major laryngeal cartilages | thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, epiglottic |
| Unpaired largest cartilage of the larynx | thyroid cartilage |
| What's continuous anteriorly on the thyroid cartilage? | two broad laminae |
| What does the broad laminae of the thyroid cartilage from | thyroid notch and laryngeal prominence on the superior borders |
| what articulates with the hyoid bone and cricoid cartilage of the thyroid cart. | sup. and inf. horns (cornu) |
| Gap between the superior border of the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone is bridge by what? | thyrohyoid membrane |
| Unpaired, ring-shaped and directly below the thyroid cartilage | cricoid cartilage |
| Which cartilage has a narrow anterior arch and a broad posterior lamina | cricoid cartilage |
| Paired, small, and are situated atop the superior edge of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage | arytenoid cartilages |
| Pyramid-shaped with prominent vocal and muscular processes | arytenoid cartilages |
| Unpaired, leaf-shaped cartilage that forms the anterior wall of the laryngeal aditus | epiglottic cartilage |
| Two minor laryngeal cartilages | corniculate & cuneiform cartilages |
| Paired, small and cone shaped cartilage | corniculate cartilages |
| Cartilages atop the apices of the arytenoid cartilages | corniculate cartilages |
| Paired, small and are on the upper edge of the quadrangular membrane to the corniculate cartilages | cuneiform cartilages |
| Extends from the sides of the epiglottic cartilage to the corniculate and arytenoid cartilages. | quadrangular membrane |
| A well-developed sheet. It arises from the upper border of the arch of the cricoid cartilage and extends upward and medially | conus elasticus |
| Upper edges of both conus elasticus are thickened to form what? | vocal ligaments |
| Reflection of mucosa over the upper edge of the quadrangular membrane creates what? | aryepiglottic fold |
| Reflected mucosa of the lower free edge of the membrane creates | vestibular fold |
| false vocal cord | vestibular fold |
| Lateral reflection of mucosa from the vestibular fold creates a small lateral recess | ventricle of the larynx |
| Inferior leaf of mucosa of this reflection continues over the free edge of the vocal ligament to form what | vocal fold (vocal cord) |
| Space that forms the entrance to larynx | aditus |
| Aditus is bounded anteriorly by ____, laterally by ____, and posteriorly by ____ | epiglottis; aryepiglottic folds; corniculate tubercles |
| Cavity between medial surfaces of the two quadrangular membranes | vestibule |
| space between vestibular folds | rima vestibuli |
| Small lateral recess | ventricle |
| Space between vocal cords | rima glottidis |
| cavity extending from vocal cords to inferior border of cricoid cartilage | subglottic(infraglottic) cavity |
| Arises from anterolateral surface of arch of cricoid cartilage, inserts on lower aspect of thyroid lamina | cricothyroid |
| Action of the cricothyroid muscle | pulls thyroid anteroinferiorly toward the arch of the cricoid, thus lengthening, tensing and adducting vocal cord |
| Arises from post. surface of cricoid lamina and isnerts on muscular process of arytenoid cartilage | post. cricoarytenoid |
| Action of the post. cricoarytenoid | rotates arytenoid cartilage laterally, thus abducting vocal cord |
| Arises laterally from upper and outer surfaces of cricoid arch and inserts on muscular process of arytenoid cartilage | lateral cricoarytenoid |
| Action of the lat. cricoarytenoid | rotates arytenoid cartilage medially thus adducting vocal cord |
| Extends transversely between post. surfaces of the arytenoid cartilages | transverse arytenoid |
| Action of the transverse arytenoid | approximates the arytenoid cartilages |
| Extends obliquely between posterior surfaces of arytenoid cartilages | oblique arytenoid |
| Arises from the inner surface of thyroid lamina near midline, runs dorsally to insert on lateral surface of arytenoid cartilage | thyroarytenoid |
| Lies between quadrangular membrane and thyroid lamina | thyroarytenoid |
| Action of the thyroarytenoid | pulls arytenoid cartilage anteriorly, thereby reducing tension on vocal cord and shortening it; it also rotate arytenoid cartilage medially, thereby adducting vocal cord |
| Antagonis to cricothyroid | thyroarytenoid |
| arises from inner midline surface of thyroid lamina and inserts on vocal process of arytenoids cartilage | vocalis |
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