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DAT Science 2013, 1
Biology, General Chemist & Organic Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _____ have cell walls made of peptioglycans | Prokaryotes |
| Fats or carbs - which have a greater H:O ratio? | Fats > Carbs in terms of H:O ratio |
| What is the equation for Hardy-Wienberg Equilibrium? | p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 |
| Plant spores are haploid. If haploid = 18, what is diploid? | Haploid = 18 Diploid = 36 |
| What is the physiological optimum temp? | 37 degrees C. At 50 degrees C, heat alters the shape of active site/decativates site. Up to 40 degrees -> rate of enzyme action increases |
| What is break-down of the 36 ATP generated? | + 34 - Oxidative Phosphorlyation - 2 Pyruvate Decarbox. + 2 Calvin Cycle + 2 Glycolysis (Anaerobic) |
| Define: high solute, low solvent | HYPERtonic |
| Define: high solvet, low soluter | HYPOtonic |
| List taxonomic structure from Kingdom to Species. | Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. Kinda Play Salty Chess Over Five Glass Stools |
| Na+/K+ Pump - what goes in/out? | 3 Na+ out --> 2 K+ in <-- |
| Noble gases have (high/low) electronegativity | Low; full octet shell |
| Which is more polar: CH2Cl2 or CH2Br2 ? | Cl is more electronegative, greater dipole moment (higher on periodic table) |
| Empirical formula gives us ... | The simplest whole number ratio. Usually given in mass. 1) Convert mass to moles by dividing atomic mass of all elements 2) Look at mole ratios between elements |
| If an atom is MORE electronegative than another... | 1) bonds to that atom are more polar 2) Dipole-dipole attraction is stronger |
| If an acid is weak, there is more (undissocitaed/dissociated) acid present. | UNDISSOCIATED. [HA] > [H+][A-] |
| Small pKa = (high/low) acidity | Small pKa = higher acidity Ka < 1 => pKa > 1 Ka < 1 = weakly acidic |
| Equation for molarity to volume relationship | M1V1 = M2V2 |
| Best ___ agent is the species getting reduced; Best ___ agent is species getting oxidatized | Oxidizing; reducing |
| Beta (-) decay causes a (neutron/proton) to be (added/subtracted) from species. | 1) Neutron 2) Added |
| Beta (+)/Positron decay causes a (neutron/proton) to be (added/subtracted) from species. | 1) Neutron 2) Subtracted |
| Only (reactant/products) can be reducing and oxidization agents | Reactants |
| On a plot of T vs. Q: Plateaus = ? Slopes = ? Steeper slope = ? | Plateaus = heat of vaporization/fusion Slopes = heat capacity Steeper slope = lower heat capacity |
| In regards to anode and cathode, where does oxidation and reduction occur? | "An-Ox/Red-Cat" Anode - Oxidation; Reduction - Cathode |
| What is the following most useful for in organic chemistry reactions? LiAlH4/THF | Strong reducing agent (Reduce -COOH to -OH) |
| What is the following most useful for in organic chemistry reactions? Hg(CH3COO)2 | Organomercury cmpds unreactive |
| What is the following most useful for in organic chemistry reactions? KOH/CH5OH | -COOH to ester |
| What is the following most useful for in organic chemistry reactions? BH3/THF | Convert alkene to alcohol |
| What is the following most useful for in organic chemistry reactions? CrO3/H2SO4 | Promote oxidation |
| Ester + H20 = What is formed? | Parent acid & alcohol |
| What acid dissociates into a base, it acquires a (positive/negative) charge. | Negative |
| Halogenation to benzene requires a ______ catalyst | Lewis Acid |
| What is Mass Spec used for? | To see the split in ions of a compound/molecule |
| What is IR Spec used for? | Distinguishes the different functional groups on a compound/molecule |
| Three steps of a Radical Rxn | 1) Initiation 2) Propagation 3) Termination |
| Bronstad-Lowry bases binds ( ) | H+ (adds H+) (accepts H+) |
| Addition of HCl to acids have what effect? | No effect |
| When an ester is REDUCED, ____ is liberated first and then ____ is converted to a primary alcohol. | Alcohol; Carboxylic acid |
| Nitro groups are ___ directors; R-Groups are ___ directors | Meta (1,3) Ortho/Para (1,2 & 1,4) |
| Photosynthesis is present in which kingdoms? | Monera - cyanobacteria, proteobacteria Protista - Algae, seaweed Plantae - exclusively photosynthetic Green pigment - chlorophyll |
| What are similarities of Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryotes? | 1) Archaea - single cell - Monera 2) Bacteria - single cell - Monera 1 & 2 are structurally similar 3) Eukaryotes (Eukaryota) - Protists - Fungi - Plants - Animals 1 & 3: biologically and genetically similar |
| Define micturition. | Urine released from the bladder. |
| T/F - kidneys secrete hormones? | True. They secrete erythropoietin, which stimulates RBC production. Kidneys thus play a part in homeostasis. |
| Where do light-dependent reactions take place? | In the thylakoids of chloroplasts within plants |
| Define plasmodesmata. | Channels that connect individual plants cells, allowing them to share cytoplasm. |
| Define dark reactions in plants. | Dark reactions: The Calvin Cycle; produces sugars in fluid of plant (stroma) |
| The energy production site in cells is within the... | Mitochondria |
| Define the four Laws of Theromodynamics | 0: Equilibrium btwn systems 1: Energy neither created nor destroyed 2: Law of entropy; move toward disorder 3: No system can reach absolute zero temp |
| Define mitosis. What are its stages? | Mitosis - cell division. Interphase: G1, S, G2 --> Normal functions |
| The heartbeat is initiated by the ___ node. (Node = a point) | Sinoatrial; it is located in the (R)-Atrium; pacemaker cells |
| What controls the rhythm of the heartbeat? | Atrioventricular node. From this node --> fascicular branches --> Purkinje fibers --> ventricle |
| What transmits the electrical pulse from the heartbeat? | Bundle of His |
| Define the pathway of ventricular contraction. | Atrioventricular node. From this node --> fascicular branches --> Purkinje fibers --> ventricle |
| The atria is located (above/below/within) the ventricles. | Above |
| Within the heart, blood flows from ___ to ___ | Atrium; ventricles |
| Aorta pumps blood from ___ to the body | Ventricles |
| Left ___ pumps blood to the aorta | ventricle |
| Which cellular organelle digests cellular waste? | Lysosome |
| Which cellular organelle breaks down toxic chemicals in the cell? | Peroxisome |
| Name the four groups of macromolecules. | - Nucleic acids - Proteins - Carbs - Lipids (Fats) |
| Define pathway in which the embryo divides | Fertilized egg divides -> 2,4,8 -> 16 (Blastula) -> 32 (Morula) -> Gastrula: three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm) -> blastocyst (70-100 cells) -> human fetus AND pluripotent (inner mass) cells |
| Ribosomes produce ____ and originate in the ___ | Proteins; Nucleus |
| Rough ER is the site of ___ synthesis | Protein |
| Smooth ER is the site of ___ synthesis | Lipid (Fats) |
Created by:
caseyschmoll
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