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7th Social Studies
final exam review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What effect did barbed wire have on the cattle industry? | using barbed wire to fence in ranch lands brought ther era of cattle drives to an end |
| Who was the first governor of Texas? | James Pinckney Henderson |
| Why was construction of highways begun in Texas? | after the appearance of automobiles in the state around 1900, the Tx government began building highways |
| What are “suburbs” and why do people move there? | ppl from the city moved to the suburbs in order to have bigger houses |
| Which amendment gave suffrage to women? | 19th |
| What effect did railroads have on trade in Texas? | trade became more long distance |
| What contributed to the end of the fence-cutting wars? | a law that made that action a felony |
| What are some of the checks and balances the Governor has over the legislative branch? | line-item veto |
| What destroyed much of Galveston in 1900 and what did city leaders do to try and prevent this from happening again? | hurricane-raising the level of the city |
| Why did farmers suffer in the late 1920’s? | debt was high, but prices fell |
| What contributed to the Dust Bowl? | severe weather & poor farming decisions |
| What region of Texas was affected by the dust Bowl? | the Plains region |
| Which courts are the most influential trial courts in the state and what 2 courts are at the top of the state court system? | district courts are the most influential trial courts in the state- the Supremem Court & Court of Criminal Appeals are the 2 courts at the top of the Tx state court system |
| What cases are heard in civil courts? | more than 1 claim to the same preperty |
| What does Juneteenth commemorate? | the day the slaves found out slavery was over in Tx |
| Why was it unfair to relocate Native Americans to reservations? | Native Americans lived in the disputed areas before other settlers arrived |
| What invention helped create a demand for oil in the early 1900’s? | the automobile |
| What were the key issues, besides slavery, that led to Texas being involved in the Civil War? | state's rights |
| What were the differences between the Treaty of 1844 and the Joint Resolution of 1845 and which one was approved by the U.S. Senate? | The Joint Resolution of 1844 gave Tx full statehood, keep public lands, & allowed the state to retain slavery. Tx would be a territory under the 1844 plan but a state under the 1845 plan. The US Senate turned down the treaty but approved the 1845 plan |
| Describe how Texas looked, culturally, in 1850. | Teh immigration group of Germans made up the largest number of Tx residents besiders Mexican Texans |
| What 3 events led to the Native Americans being put onto reservations? | The Red River wars take place, the Tx frontier line moves westward, & government officals encourage the killing of buffalo |
| Why did Sam Houston run for governor in 1857? | he flet strongly that the Southern States should not secede & he wanted to ake sure Native Texans were treated fairly |
| Why was Robert E. Lee significant? | he was the Confederate general who surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse |
| Why did southerners threaten to secede? | before the Presidental election of 1860, southerners threatened to secede if a republican won the election |
| What were most of the battles in Texas fought over? | Confederate efforts to keep Tx ports open |
| Discuss the battle of Palmito Ranch. | it was the site of the last Civil War battle |
| What is martial law and what role did it have during post civil war? | rule by an army instead of by the usual civil authorities |
| What were the provisions of Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan? | former confederate states had to declare that their secesssion had been illegal |
| What was the major political issue in reconstruction? | political reconstruction required the ppl of the south to write a new constitiution that rejected secession & ended slavery |
| What was another name of the African American troops? | buffalo soldiers |
| How did the relationship between the Texas settlers and Native Americans change during the civil war? | tx settlers became easy targets for the native americans after the Civil War began b/c soldiers left Tx to fight in the Civil War |
| What caused the Native Americans to move to reservations? | Destruction of their homes, food, horses, and the buffalo eventually forced the Cammanches & Kiowas onto the reservations |
| Why were brands used? | Unbranded cattle could be claimed by anyone |
| Why were the longhorns important to ranchers? | They could survive under harsh conditions |
| How did the cattle kingdom begin? | Spanish culture |
| What natural resources supported the cattle industry? | The dry, warm climate; an endless supply of grasses; prairies with room to roam |
| Where was cotton mostly grown? | Great Plains region |
| Discuss what a freedman was | Former slaves |
| Describe what a labor union is | An association of workers formed to gain better wages and working conditions |
| Which were abundant natural resources in Tx? | Oil & natural gas; cattle & lumber; land & wildlife |
| What are examples of fossil fuels? | Coal & oil |
| What are the main results of the oil boom? | Increase in Tx population; development of new industries; improvements in Tx transportation |
| Describe progressivism | A social reform movement based on improving society through the power of the government |
| What were the results of the hurricane of 1900? | Galveston changed to a commission form of city government because the old form of government would not have been able to handle the huge task of rebuilding the city |
| Describe oil production in Tx during 1990-1940 | Most of the oil & natural gas discovered in Tx between 1900 & 1940 in East Tx & the Gulf Coast |
| What was the prohibition movement? | Led to a ban on the sale of alcohol |
| What were big reform issues between 1880 & 1920? | Temperance, public education, & women's rights |
| When and how did women get the right to vote? | 19th amendment |
| What influence did Governor Hogg have over the railroad industry? | He established he Tx Railroad Commission to oversee all railroad operations |
| What causes the dust bowl? | The plowing under of millions of acres of prairie grasses |
| What is an amendment? | An addition or change made to a law or construction |
| What does the Bill of Rights consists of? | (US) the 1st 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution (TX) Article 1'of the Tx Constitution is referred road the Tx Bill of Rights |
| Which Tx Consitution is still in effect today? | The Constitution of 1876 |
| Name the 3 branches of government and define what they do. | Judicial- the branch of government that interprets laws and runs the courts Executive- the branch of government that enforces laws & recommends people for government posts |
| What is the lowest level of the Tx court system made up of? | Municipal courts & justices of the peace |
| Describe the women's political involvement before 1919? | They could not vote, but they worked to bring about political & social reform |
| What reasons did the railroad industry needed to be reformed in the late 1800s. | Railroad companies often followed unfair practices in dealing w/ passengers & businesses; railroad companies sold land given to them by the government to farmers for extremely high prices; railroad companies banded together to control prices |
| Where does more than 50 percent of Texas' revenue come from? | Taxes |
| Who is the leader of the Tx Senate? | Lieutenant Governor |
| What do you have to do in order to be able to vote? | Register to vote |
| Whg methods deprived citizen's of their 15th amendment rights? | Poll taxes & literacy tests |
| What is a common characteristic of the 13th, 14th, & 15th amendments? | They aim to protect the civil rights of African Americans |
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