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Final Exam Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| vigilante | self-appointed law keepers |
| subsidy | grants of land or money |
| transcontinental railroad | a railroad line that spanned the continent |
| travois | small sleds |
| tepee | cone-shaped tents made of buffalo skins |
| reservation | land set aside for Native Americans to live on |
| open range | unfenced land |
| cattle drive | the herding and moving of cattle over long distances |
| vaquero | Spanish word for cowhand or cowboy |
| cow town | settlement at the end of a cattle trail |
| cattle kingdom | the region dominated by the cattle industry and its ranches, trails, and cow towns |
| homesteader | settlers who acquired free land from the government |
| sod | a surface layer of earth in which the roots of grasses tangle with soil |
| sodbuster | Plains farmers |
| sooner | people who had already sneaked onto the land before the Oklahoma Land Rush |
| grange | groups of farmers who met for lectures, sewing bees, and other events |
| farm cooperative | groups of farmers who pool their money to make large purchases of tools, seed, and other supplies at a discount |
| inflation | general rise in prices |
| patent | a document giving someone the sole right to make and sell an invention |
| assembly line | a manufacturing method in which a product is put together as it moves along a belt |
| entrepreneur | someone who sets up new businesses to make a profit |
| corporation | businesses owned by many investors |
| monopoly | a company that controls most or all other business in a particular industry |
| trust | a group of corporations run by a single board of directors |
| free enterprise | the system in which privately owned businesses compete freely |
| collective bargaining | unions negotiate with management for workers as a group |
| urbanization | the rapid growth of city populations |
| tenement | buildings divided into many tiny apartments |
| settlement house | a center offering help to the urban poor |
| steerage | large compartments that usually held cattle |
| assimilation | the process of becoming part of another culture |
| anarchist | a person who opposes all forms of government |
| civil service | a system that includes most government jobs, except elected positions, the judiciary, and the military |
| primary | an election in which voters, rather than party leaders, choose their party's candidate |
| recall | a process by which people may vote to remove an elected official from office |
| initiative | a process that allows voters to put a bill before a state legislature |
| referendum | a way for people to vote directly on a proposed new law |
| graduated income tax | a method of taxation that taxes people at different rates depending on income |
| Muckraker | became a term for a crusading journalist |
| trustbuster | a person working to destroy monopolies and trusts |
| conservation | the protection of natural resources |
| national park | a natural area protected and managed by the federal government |
| suffragists | people who worked for women's right to vote |
| prohibition | a ban on the sale and consumption of alcohol; a total ban on alcoholic drinks |
| lynching | murder by a mob |
| parochial schools | schools sponsored by a church |
| anti-Semitism | prejudice against Jews |
| isolationism | avoiding involvement in other countries' affairs |
| imperialism | building empires by imposing political and economic control over peoples around the world |
| spheres of influence (SOI) | areas where another nation has economic and political control |
| militarism | the glorification of the military |
| nationalism | pride in one's nation or ethnic group |
| stalemate | deadlock |
| trench warfare | soldiers fire on one another from opposing lines of dugout trenches |
| propaganda | the spread of information designed to win support for a cause |
| mobilize | to prepare for war |
| illiterate | unable to read and write |
| convoy | a large group of merchant vessels sailing together |
| communism | an economic and political system based on the idea that social classes and the right to private property should be eliminated; an economic and political system in which the state owns the means of production and a single party rules |
| armistice | a halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin |
| self-determination | the right of a group to decide its own form of government |
| reparations | payments to cover war damages |
| deported | returned to their home countries |
| disarmament | the reduction or limitation of military armaments |
| anarchists | people who oppose all organized government |
| overproduction | a situation in which the supply of manufactured goods exceeds the demand |
| bankruptcy | financial failure caused by a company's inability to pay its debts |
| totalitarian state | a nation in which a single party controls the government and every aspect of people's lives |
| fascism | a political system based on militarism, extreme nationalism, and blind loyalty to the state and its leader |
| aggression | a warlike act by one country against another without cause |
| appeasement | a policy of giving in to aggression in order to avoid war |
| total war | conflict involving not just armies but entire nations |
| rationing | the act of setting limits on the amount of scarce goods people can buy |
| intern | temporarily imprison |
| braceros | Mexican laborers |
| island hopping | American forces would capture some Japanese-held islands and go around others |
| kamikaze missions | suicide pilots crashed their planes into American ships |
| genocide | the deliberate attempt to wipe out an entire nation or group of people |
| war crimes | wartime acts of cruelty and brutality that are judged to be beyond the accepted rules of war and human behavior |
| socialism | |
| alliances | |
| immigration | |
| popular vote | |
| Electoral College | |
| progressivism | |
| nativism | |
| totalitarianism | |
| capitalism | |
| nazism | |
| Holocaust | |
| D-Day | |
| homesteader | |
| ballot | |
| debate |
Created by:
14jfish
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