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Progressive Movement
Chapter 21 - The Progressive Movement
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Progressives | Believed society had an obligation to protect all of its members and focused on helping those with little power or wealth |
| political machines | powerful organizations linked to political parties that controlled local government in many cities |
| political bosses | the heads of political machines |
| Tammany Hall | The New York City Democratic Party political machine that became a symbol of corruption |
| Boss Tweed | The head of Tammany Hall. Eventually sent to prison for corruption. |
| spoils system | the rewarding of political supporters with jobs and favors. |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | the first federal law to attempt to control trusts and monopolies |
| socialists | believed a nation's resources and major industries should be owned and operated by the government on behalf of the people |
| muckrakers | people who brought to light the underlying problems and corruption in society |
| Ida Tarbell | muckraker who focused her writings on the practices of the Standard Oil Company |
| Upton Sinclair | muckraker who wrote The Jungle, which described the horrors of the meatpacking industry. Led to the Meat Inspection Act |
| initiative | allowed citizens to place a measure or issue on the ballot in a state election |
| referendum | gave voters the opportunity to accept or reject measures that the state legislature enacted |
| recall | allowed voters to remove unsatisfactory elected officials from their jobs. |
| Seventeenth Amendment | mandated the direct election of senators by the people (before this, senators had been chosen by state legislators) |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| suffragists | men and women that fought for women's suffrage |
| Nineteenth Amendment | allowed for women's suffrage |
| prohibition | the passing of laws to prohibit the sale or manufacture of alcohol |
| Eighteenth Amendment | Prohibited the manufacture or sale of alcohol (The Prohibition Amendment) |
| trustbuster | nickname of Theodore Roosevelt because of his push to break up bad trusts |
| conservation | the protection and preservation of natural resources |
| Sixteenth Amendment | gave Congress the power to tax people's income (Income Tax) |
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