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Simon Chapter 5
Chapter 5 Middle Ages
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are flying buttresses? | Masses of brick work attached to the walls |
| What was the purpose of a flying buttress? | They helped to hold the building up. |
| What were three functions of a cathedral? | House of worship, gathering place, religious school |
| The cathedral was home to what church leader? | the bishop |
| What did medieval Christians believe would happen if they lived according to church readings? | They would go to Heaven after they died. |
| What did medieval Christians believe would happen to them if they did not obey church rules? | They were punished after death. |
| In what two ways did the church get wealthy in the middle ages? | The church collected taxes and took fiefs from lords in exchange for services performed by clergy. |
| Define clergy. | People with authority to perform religious services. |
| What government job did the church have in the middle ages? | Making laws and setting up courts. |
| Define excommunication. | Being expelled from membership in the church and participation in church life. |
| Why was excommunication a serious threat? | Few people would associate with a person who had been excommunicated. |
| Why did church officials have so much power in political matters? | The church had the power to excommunicate someone. |
| What is the name of the carved stone figures that sit high atop Gothic cathedrals? | gargoyles |
| Who was the leader of the Catholic Church? | the pope |
| Who supervised several bishops? | the archebishop |
| What church leader was located in local villages? | priests |
| What four major event were the clergy involved in? | Childbirth, illnesses, marriage, and death. |
| What roles did the clergy have? | They helped people follow church rules about how to live. |
| What were the names of the religious communities where priests and monks lived? | Monasteries |
| What were the names of the religions communities where nuns lived? | convents |
| What was the name given to this type of religious life that priests, monks, and nuns lived? | monasticism |
| How did the church help to improve the economy in the middle ages? | They grew crops and tended live stock. |
| Who took care of the sick and set up schools? | monks and nuns |
| What rare opportunity did convents provide to women? | to be educated |
| How did the Greek texts and church beliefs conflict? | use reason to discover truth |
| How did scholasticism try to satisfy the philosophies of both the Greeks and the church? | support beliefs |
| What is the shape of the floor plan of a Gothic cathedral? | a cross shape |
| What is the area in a cathedral where the audience sits called? | the nave |
| Identify one advancement in architecture. | vaulted ceilings |
| What was placed across the ceiling the spread out the weight? | columns which made the ceilings stronger and more beautiful |
| What helped to support cathedral walls? | Flying Buttresses |
| What was different about the windows in a cathedral compared to other buildings? | A cathedral had many stained glass windows |
| What would people travel great distances to see? | Holy objects |
| Give three reasons why gargoyles were placed on cathedrals. | they kept evil spirits away, they warned people not to sin, they were a magical sign against evil |
| Why did trade increase as the middle ages progressed? | There were more people in the towns and crusades brought in more goods to trade. |
| How was town life different than manor life? | Manors lacked guilds,traders and craftsman. |
| What is a guild? | A group of people who practiced a certain trade or craft. |
| What did guilds do? | set prices, prevented outsiders from selling in town, paid dues, set standards, used money to support guild families in need. |
| What is an apprentice? | An unpaid worker that was being trained in a craft. |
| What is a journeyman? | A paid worker |
| Define "Holy Land" | A region where Jesus had lived and taught |
| Define crusades | the expedition to capture the holy land |
| Which 3 groups claimed Jerusalem as their holy city? | Christians, Muslims, Jews |
| Define pilgrims | People who journeyed to a sacred place |
| How did Arab Muslims treat Christian pilgrims? | They treated them well. |
| How did Seljuk Turks treat Jewish and Christian visitors? | They attacked them and treated the badly |
| What 3 reasons did Pope Urban have for starting the Crusades? | He wanted the holy land to be under christian control, he wanted to unite Europeans, he wanted to make the church more popular. |
| Other than religious reasons why did Europeans fight in the crusades? | to control trade routes |
| Why did people fight in the crusades? | They wanted to capture the holy land and control the trade routes. |
| How did the crusades affect life on the manor? | towns and cities grew, new technologies used, increase in food and medicine. |
| what is a surname? | a last name |
| Why did people use sir names? | to identify people as towns got bigger |
| Why does the lord enter the Great Hall last? | because he is the most important |
| Why did the lord's son sit to his right | he was is "right-hand" man |
| Who at the court table was served last? | the lady-in-waiting because she was a lady |
| How did peasants serve food | the Lord's table first and peasants last after nobles are done eating |
| How would you know that the Lord is the most powerful | he was served first and he makes a lot of speaches |
| What is the object of chess | capture the king |
| what does checkmate mean | the king is dead |
| which pieces are the first line of defense? | the pawns |
| what do pawns carry | spears and shields |
| what does the rook do | protect the king |
| which piece is second to the king or queen | bishop |
| which piece rides on horseback | knight |
| describe town streets | noisy, crowded, bad smelling |
| how did people get drinking water | from the town well or from a person selling water |
| describe houses | built close together, small, top floors jutted out |
| what was black death | a disease passed on by rats, fleas, and people |
| Black death was also called what? | bubonic plague |
| What were symptoms of black death | black spots, swelling in armpits, coughing up blood |
| What did some Christians think was the cause of the plague/black death | a punishment from God |
| how did living conditions contribute to the spread of black death | towns were dirty and filled with rats and fleas |
| describe one cure that medieval doctors tried to cure black death | sitting in sewers |
Created by:
mechlingk
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