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Second Stack02.
European Monarchs Ch 21, Ch 22, Ch 23
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absolute Monarch | A king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society. |
| Edict of Nantes | A 1598 declaration in which the French King Henry IV promised that Protestants could live in Peace in France and could set up houses of worship in some French cities. |
| Boyars | Landowning nobles of Russia. |
| Restoration | The period of Charles II's rule over England, after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell's government. |
| Constitutional Monarchy | A monarchy in which the ruler's power is limited by law. |
| Divine Right | The idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth are therefore answerable only to god. |
| Westerniaztion | An adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of Western- especially European or American countries. |
| Heliocentric Theory | The idea that earth and the other planets revolve around the sun. |
| Enlightment | In Buddhism, a state of perfect wisdom in which one understands basic truths about the universe. |
| Philosophe | One of a group of social thinkers in France during the Enlightenment. |
| Separation of Powers | The assignment of executive, legislative, and judicial powers to different groups of officials in a government. |
| Salon | A social gathering of intellectuals and artists, like those held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris and other European cities during the Enlightenment. |
| Scientific Method | A logical procedure for gathering information about the natural world, in which experimentation and observation are used to test hypotheses. |
| Natural Rights | John Locke- the rights of life, liberty, and property. |
| Estates General | Assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France. |
| Tennis Court Oath | Pledge made by the members of France's Nation Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution. |
| Great Fear | A wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of Bastille in 1789. |
| Emigres | People who live their native countries for political reasons, like the nobles and others who fled France during the peasant uprisings during the French Revolution. |
| Sans Culottes | In the French Revolution, a radical group made up of Parisian wage-earners and small shopkeepers who wanted a greater voice in government. |
| Guillotine | A machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution. |
| Reign of Terror | Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator, killing normal citizens. |
| Coup Detat | Sudden seizure of political power in a nation. |
| Old Regime | The political and social system that existed in France before the French Revolution. |
| Plebiscite | Direct vote in in which a country's people have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal. |
| Lycee | Government- run public schools in France. |
| Blockade | Use of troops or ships to prevent commercial traffic from entering or leaving a city or region. |
| Continental System | Napoleons's policy of preventing trade between Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Britain's economy. |
| Hundred Days | Napoleon becomes emperor again. |
| Congress of Vienna | Series of meetings in 1814-1815, during which the European leaders sought to establish long- lasting peace and security after the defeat of Napoleon. |
| Bastille | A fortress in Paris built in the 14th century and used in the 17th–18th centuries as a state prison. |
| Legitimacy | The hereditary right of a monarch to rule. |
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