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Cold war unit
test review sheet
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Communism | Political theory that proposes that all people should collectively own property and the means of production and that individual ownership should not be allowed |
| Capitalism | Economic system in which private business runs most industries, and competition determines how much goods cost and workers are paid |
| Truman Doctrine | Foreign policy started by Truman to stop the spread of communism at all costs(money,weapons, soldiers |
| Containment | NOT TO BREAK UP COMMUNISM WHERE IT ALREADY EXISTED, BUT TO KEEP IT FROM SPREADING (TO RESIST COMMUNIST AGGRESSION INTO OTHER COUNTRIES |
| mARSHALL PLAN | iT WENT HAND IN HAND WITH THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE. IT PROVIDED ECONOMIC AID TO WAR TORN eUROPEAN COUNTIES TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM. U.S ALLOTS 13 BILLION TO EUROPEAN COUNTRIES TO REBUILD IN HOPE THE'LL OPT FOR A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT. |
| IRON CURTAIN | Sir Winston Churchill described the Berlin Wall as the iron curtain The iron curtain divided Germany |
| NATO | NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION UNTED STATES, CANADA,BRITAIN,FRANCE, NETHERLANDS ITALY-ALL AGREED TO DEFEND EACH OTHER IN CASE OF ATTACK.FORMED AS A DEFENSIVE ALLIANCE AMONG THE U.S. AND WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES TO PREVENT A SOVIET INVASION OF WESTER |
| WARSAW PACT | USSR, POLAND,CZECH,HUNGARY ROMANIA- tHE SOVIET Allies in eastern europe formed the warsaw pact in response to nato |
| SATELLITE NATIONS | EAST GERMANY,POLAND, HUNGARY,CZECH., BULGARIA, ROMANIA These countries under Soviet control became known as satellite nations. |
| BERLIN AIRLIFT | Operation in which British and U.S planes carried food and supplies to west Berlin, which had been cut off by a Soviet blockade |
| BERLIN BLOCKADE | STALIN ESTABLISHES BLOCKADE PREVENTING SUPPLIES FROM REACHING WEST BERLIN TO DRIVE OUT DEMOCRATIC FORCES, TRUMAN AIRLIFTS SUPPLIES FOR 11 MONTHS |
| Chiang Kai-Shek | led the Kuointang or Nationalist Party, against the Chinese Communists. |
| Mao Zedong | a nationalist leader in china, in october 1949 he announced the creation of the Peoples Republic of China, a communist nation, the |
| Taiwan | The nationalist fled to nearby Taiwan |
| Douglas Macarthur | Truman ordered U.S forces under the command of General McArthur. He ordered the U.S 7th Fleet to protect Taiwan. |
| 38th parallel | korea divided into two nations roughly at the 38th paralled-the same dividing line as before the war. |
| limited war | A war in which the weapons, the territory, or the objectives are restricted |
| united nations | International organization chartered in 1945 created to settle problems between nations. |
| Eisenhower | Presendtial candidate of 1952 |
| Eisenhower Doctrine | Eisenhower offered military aid to any Middle Eastern nation seeking help in resisting Communist aggression |
| Brinkmanship | Policy in the 1950's that called for threatening all-out-war in order to confront communist aggressions |
| Clandesine/Covert | |
| Iran | After Eisenhower took office he suspended aid to Iran.He authorized a covert action by the CIA to organize a military coup against the Iranian leader |
| Guatemala | In 1954 Eisenhower ordered a covert action in Guatemala. He bombed the capital and instaled a new pro-U.S government. |
| Suez crisis | president Nasser of Egypt claimed ownership of the Suez Canal, thus causing an International crisis by denying access to shipping form other nations; GB couldnt invade because then USSR would roll in the tanks |
| Hungarian Uprising | The relaxation of Cold War tensions actually encouraged workers in East Germany and Poland to demand reforms from the Communist governments of these countries. In Oct. 1956, an uprising in Hungary succeeded in overthrowing a gov't backed by Moscow. |
| U2 Incident | Incident in which U.S pilot Francis Gary Powers was captured while spying on the soviet union, damaged relations between the U.S and the soviet union |
| Kennedy Inaugural Address | gives an inaugural address that calls for Americans to sacrifice in the struggle to defend liberty across the globe. |
| Sputnick 1 | ussr launches fist successful orbiting satelite in 1957. The launch made Americans fear they were falling behind the Soviets |
| Bay of Pigs | Kennedy's biggest disaster. The US organized Cuban exiles to lead an attack to overthrow Castro. They arrived at the Bay of Pigs and it was a complete disaster and unsuccessful. |
| Cuban missile crisis | (1962) Standoff between the U.S & USSR in which the Soviets agreed to remove missiles from Cubs if the U>S promised not to invade the island followed by an easing of Cold War tensions |
| Blockade/Quarantine | |
| alliance for progress | Kennedy's program of economic aid to Latin America designed to encourage democratic reforms and promote capitalism |
| peace corps | program begun by Kennedy to send volunteers to work in developing nations for 2 years. |
| Berlin wall communications | a wall erected by East Germany in 1961 to cut the capital of Berlin in two, and later dismantled in 1989. (p. 298) |
| nuclear anxiety | U.S & USSR raced to develop more powerful nuclear weapons. this contributed to Americans fear of nuclear war. |
| religion & war | Anxiety about nuclear war caused many Americans to seek comfort. Many turned to religion,church membership grew rapidly as a result construction of religious institutions rose from 76 million to 868 million |
| fallout shelters | the threat of nuclear wars led some Americans to build bomb shelters in their back yards. |
| space race | Eisenhower urged Congress to promote U.S space technology by establishing the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)Congress approved the National Defense Education Act that gave millions to improve education in science,, math & |
| civil defense admin | |
| Alger Hiss | U.S State Department Official accused of being a Soviet Spy. He was prosecuted by a young Richard Nixon. |
| The Rosenbergs | Ethel and Julius Rosenberg sold the Russians the atomic secrets |
| Joe McCarthy | HUAC -It became a witch hunt that was lead by Senator Joseph McCarthy. |
| HUAC | House of Un-American Activities Committee that investigated possible communist in the the U.S. People were black listed (mostly actors, artists writers |
| TRUMAN Loyalty Program | t was an executive order that created "loyalty" boards to examine federal employees to see if they had communist ties. It resulted in the firing of hundreds of govt employees and created "files" on many left-wing artists |
| Richard Nixon | Election of 1952,senator nixon was Eisenhowers running mate. was responsible for resolution of Vietnam war after Johnson |
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