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Politics Exam3 Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Law | a collection of rules laid down by the government, binding all member of the state, including members of the government itself. |
| Courts | governmental institutions charged with interpreting the law |
| Legal Systems | general, organized sets of legal principles |
| Case Law | a legal system emphasizing the independence of the judiciary from the rest of the government. under case law, the ongoing stream of prior decisions becomes an important part of the current law |
| Habeas Corpus | the right not to be held indefinitely by the police without being formally charged with a crime |
| Code Law | a legal system emphasizing a relative subordination of the judiciary to the rest of the government. |
| Sharia | Islamic law, based on the set of rules for moral conduct developed over the first few centuries after the death of Muhammad |
| Criminal Law | the body of law involving charges that persons have disobeyed a law prescribing proper conduct. |
| Civil Law | the body of law regarding relations between people; cases may include disputes about contracts, suits for damages in injury, divorce, and so on |
| Constitutional Law | the body of law regarding the nature of the political process, and whether laws and governmental actions are consistent with the constitution |
| Judicial Review | a system under which a judicial or quasi-judicial part of government can annual acts of other parts of the government if, in its judgement, those acts violate the constitution of the state |
| Falsifiability | a property of statements, such that they are in principle capable of being true or false. |
| Tautology | A statement that is logically true and thus cannot be shown false by an examination of evidence |
| Trivial Explanation | an explanation that is obvious to the audience and therefore not interesting to them. |
| Causation | an interpretation of relations between events in which one event "brings about" or produces another event |
| Interest Group | a organized group of citizens that has as one of its goals ensuring that the state follows certain policies. |
| Selective Benefit | benefits that can be given to some people, and denied to others |
| Free Rider | One who takes advantage of the fact that a public good is not capable of being denied to anyone, where or not they have contributed to providing it. |
| Sectoral Interest Group | a group representing a section of the economy. |
| Institutional Interest Group | a group that is primarily set up for some purpose other than political activity but becomes politically active to defend its interests in the policy decisions of the state |
| Promotional Interest Group | the "typical" interest group- an organized group of citizens, one of whose primary purposes is to affect the policies of the state |
| Lobbying | meeting with officials to convince them to support your position regarding a law or regulation |
| Pluralism | a system of government and interest groups in which all interests |
| Neocorporatism | a system of government and interest groups in which all interests are organized but-instead responding to groups' pressures-the government actively involves the groups themselves in the job of governing |
| Clientelism | a system in which citizens reply primarily on a patron who provides them with emergency help with needed and helps to intercede with the government on their behalf; in return, they offer their patron loyalty and political support |
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