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Chapter.16
Chapter 16: The Cold War (1945-1960)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1. Satellite State | independent nation under the control of a more powerful nation |
| 2. Cold War | worldwide rivalry between the United States and The Soviet Union |
| 3. iron curtain | term coined by Winston Churchill to describe the border between the Soviet Satellite states and Western Europe |
| 4. Truman Doctrine | President Truman's promise to help nations struggling against communist movements |
| 5. containment | policy of keeping communism contained within its existing borders |
| 6. Marshall Plan | foreign policy that offered economic aid to Western European countries after World War II |
| 7. Berlin airlift | program in which U.S and British pilots flew supplies to West Berlin during a Soviet blockade |
| 8. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | military alliance formed to counter soviet expansion |
| 9. Warsaw Pact | military alliance of the Soviet Union and its Satellite states |
| 10. 38th Parallel | Parallel of latitude in which the dividing line was set to divide Korea into 2 independent countries |
| 11. limited war | war fought to achieve only specific goals |
| 12. South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) | defensive alliance aimed at preventing communist aggression in Asia |
| 13. arms race | contest in which nations compete to build more powerful weapons |
| 14. mutually assured destruction | policy in which the United States and the Soviet Union hoped to deter nuclear war by building up enough weapons to destroy one another |
| 15. massive retaliation | policy of threatenig to use massive force in response to aggression |
| 16. brinkmanship | belief that only by going to the brink of war could the United States protect itself against communist aggression |
| 17. nationalize | to place a resource under government control |
| 18. Suez crisis | attempt by France and Great Britain to seize control of the Suez Canal in 1956 |
| 19. Eisenhower Doctrine | policy of president Eisenhower that stated that the United States would use force to help any nation threatened by communism |
| 20. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) | U.S intelligence-gathering organization |
| 21. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) | government agency that coordinates U.S efforts in space |
| 22. Red Scare | fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life |
| 23. Smith Act | law that made it unlawful to teach or advocate the violent overthrow of the United States government |
| 24. House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) | congressional committee that investigated possible subversive activities within the United States |
| 25. Hollywood Ten | group of movie writers, directors, and producers who refused to answer HUAC questions about communist ties |
| 26. blacklist | list of persons who were not hired because of suspected communist ties |
| 27. McCarthyism | negative catchword for extreme, reckless charges of disloyalty |
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