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Chapter 16 Vocab
Chapter 16 Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
1) Satellite state- | A political term for a country that is formally independent, but under heavy political and economic influence or control by another country. |
2) Cold War- | Worldwide rivalry between the Untied States and the Soviet Union. |
3) Iron Curtain- | Term coined by Winston Churchill to describe the border between the Soviet satellite states and Western Europe. |
4) Truman Doctrine- | The policy of President Truman, as advocated in his address to Congress on March 12, 1947, to provide military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey and, by extension, to any country threatened by Communism or any totalitarian ideology. |
5) Containment- | Policy of keeping communism contained within its existing borders. |
6) Marshall Plan- | Foreign policy that offered economic aid to Western European countries after World War II. |
7) Berlin airlift- | Program in which U.S. and British pilots flew supplies to West Berlin during a Soviet blockade. |
8) NATO- | An organization formed in Washington, D.C. (1949), comprising the 12 nations of the Atlantic Pact together with Greece, Turkey, and the Federal Republic of Germany, for the purpose of collective defense against aggression. |
9) Warsaw Pact- | Cold War Eastern Bloc military alliance formed May 14, 1955, by the Treaty of Warsaw, signed in the Polish capital. |
10) 38th parallel- | Divided Korea after WW2. North of the parallel was led by Kim Il Sung and controlled by Communists. South of the parallel was led by Syngman Rhee and controlled by democrats. |
11) Limited War- | War fought to achieve only specific goals. |
12) SEATO- | An organization formed in Manila (1954), comprising Australia, Great Britain, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, and the United States, for collective defense against aggression in southeastern Asia and the southwestern Pacific. |
13) Arms Race- | Contest in which nations compete to build more powerful weapons. |
14) Mutually Assured Destruction- | Policy in which the Untied States and the Soviet Union hoped to deter nuclear war by building up enough weapons to destroy one another. |
15) Massive Retaliation- | Policy of threatening to use massive force in response to aggression. |
16) Brinkmanship- | Belief that only by going to the brink of war could the United States protect itself against communist aggression. |
17) Nationalize- | To bring under the ownership or control of a nation, as industries and land. |
18) Suez crisis- | International crisis that arose when Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal after Western countries withdrew. |
19) Eisenhower Doctrine- | Policy of President Eisenhower that stated that the United States would use force to help any nation threatened by communism. |
20) CIA- | (Central Intelligence Agency) U.S. intelligence-gathering organization. |
21) NASA- | (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Government agency that coordinates U.S. efforts in space. |
22) Red Scare- | The rounding up and deportation of several hundred immigrants of radical political views by the federal government in 1919 and 1920. This “scare” was caused by fears of subversion by communists in the United States after the Russian Revolution. |
23) Smith Act- | Act passed by Congress that made it a crime to advocate or teach the duty, necessity, or propriety of overthrowing the government by force or violence. |
24) HUAC- | (House Un-American Activities Committee) Congressional committee that investigated possible subversive activities within the Untied States. |
25) Hollywood Ten- | Group of movie writers, directors, and producers who refused to answer HUAC questions about communist ties. |
26) Blacklist- | List of persons who were not hired because of suspected communist ties. |
27) McCarthyism- | Negative catchword for extreme, reckless charges of disloyalty. |