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history quiz unit 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Washington Arms Limitation Conference | reduce size in military world and restrict weapons allowed to have. limited number of battleships that nations could have |
| Col. Billy Mitchell | pilot from WWI. thought future of military power was in the air. Japanese paid more attention to him and realized that aircraft carriers would soon replace battleships. predicted pearl harbor |
| the "monkey trial" | in Tennessee over evolution because it was outlawed in schools (scopes and darrow) |
| John T. Scopes | high school bio teacher arrested for teaching biology, found guilty |
| Clarence Darrow | Chicago lawyer who represented Scopes free of charge, controversial, also Leopold Leob case lawyer who tried to save them from the death penalty |
| William Jennings Bryan | star witness for prosecution for monkey trial, expert on bible, died two days after |
| Inherit the wind | movie based off of monkey trial |
| Leopold Loeb Case | Chicago, murderers and kidnappers of a kid (Bobby franks), done for a thrill, ransom was paid but they killed him and dumped body in a park |
| Charles Lindberg | "Lone Eagle" ideal american hero pilot, flew across atlantic ocean |
| "the spirit of st. louis" | airplane that Lindberg flew and tour after |
| Calvin Coolidge | Hardings VP, thought the business of America shouldn't be regulated by government "Silent Cow" wins 1924 election |
| Herbert Hoover | wins 1928, self made millionare and quaker "a chicken in every pot and two cars in every garage" |
| Al Smith | Hoover's opponent in 1928, "happy Warrior" reformer and progressive in views, first catholic of a major party and was against prohibition |
| stock market | Bull (stocks rising) Bear (stocks declining) market, buy low sell high success stories |
| buying on the margin | make a down payment on stock |
| stock market crash | black tuesday, people withdrew their money |
| Hoover's response to stock market crash | self-reliance is key, work hard, "prosperity is right around the corner", help businesses not individuals |
| cash bonus | veterans of WWI were promised this but hoover said it couldn't be given then |
| Hoovervilles | towns with shacks made of cardboard and sheets |
| Bonus army | nickname from media for veterans wanting bonus |
| Hoover blankets | newspapers that people without shelter who slept outside would use for warmth |
| hoover hogs | rabbits that people would eat |
| hoover flags | if a man had his pockets turned inside out to show that he was broke |
| election of 1932 | hoover vs. FDR, FDR wins |
| FDR | had polio and couldn't walk |
| the new deal | put cards in and deal a new hand to everyone 3Rs |
| 20th amendment | changes election date of presidents, presidents inaugurated on January 20th |
| 21st amendment | ends prohibition, repeals 18th amendment |
| nothing to fear speech | FDRs inaugural address "nothing to fear but fear itself" 3R's relief recovery reform |
| the "brain trust" | roosevelts team of advisors and smart people who will give the president ideas for fighting the depression |
| Keynesian economics | John Maynard Keynes, pump priming- must spend money to get economy working again. |
| deficit spending | spending money you don't have by borrowing or creating it, no more gold standard |
| NRA | national recovery administration, compiled regulations for all kinds of businesses and put price controls in place |
| alphabet agencies | all agencies created under the new deal |
| FDIC | Federal deposit insurance corporation, if bank should collapse the fed government will assume responsibility for paying you back money in that bank |
| HOLC | home owners loan corporation, provided low interest loans for people to avoid foreclosure on properties |
| CCC | Civilian Conservation Core, work on conservation projects like trails in forests, dams in streams, environmental projects |
| WPA | works progress administration, civic projects like sidewalks, roads, buildings, artwork, history |
| PWA | Public Works Administration, specialized in school buildings |
| REA | Rural Electrification Agency, put electricity in buildings and communities |
| TVA | Tennessee Valley Authority, dammed TN river to generate electricity and create lakes |
| Fireside chats | FDR's radio talks |
| Huey P. Long | "the kingfish" FDR critic, believed in sharing the wealth, intended to be president, assassinated |
| Father Charles Coughlin | FDR critic, radio personality, thought new deal wasn't radical enough, defended hitler got in trouble with church |
| Dr. Francis Townshend | MD, FDR critic, proposal that everyone over the age of 60 in US should be given a monthly check from government of 200$ |
| Social Security Act | created old age pension |
| Election of 1936 | FDR vs. Alf Landon (says new deal is socialism) biggest landslide |
| Literary Digest | magazine that predicted presidential results correct for 4 elections but said that Landon would win |
| Schecter v. US | Schecter was a chicken farmer that was shut down "sick chicken case" supreme court voted in favor of Schecter and said NRA was unconstitutional |
| The "court packing" scheme | fdr said that every justice that was old needed help so that he could add more supreme court justices in his favor, didn't work |
| the "dust bowl" | natural disaster in southern planes, drought and bad farming techniques, topsoil was blown very far, some of the land is still sterile |
| Adolf Hitler | "der fueher" from austria but fought for german army in WWI, was a spy |
| Nazi party | NSDAP, hitler was determined to be their leader |
| Hitler | powerful, motivational speaker, beer hall revolution, arrested for treason, eventually runs for president for Nazi party but loses, gets job as chancellor |
| "mein kamph" | book hitler wrote in prison, laid out his plan for germany, idea of le bensraum |
| le bensraum | living space |
| Aryan | german blue eyed blonde hair was the superior perfect human being |
| Brown Shirts | SA, hitler's supporters who were veterans from WWI who couldn'd find jobs after the war |
| Hindenburg | 80 yr old man who won to Hitler but dies shortly |
| Ernst Roehm | SA brown shirts leader |
| the night of the long knives | Hitler sends out his most trusted body guards (SS) and picked out 3000 enemies to the revolution and killed them including Roehm |
| Benito Mussolini | "il duce" dictator of italy, promised Italy a return to glory, strict father figure who returned the country to order |
| Fascists | political party that argued for the need of a very strong individual leader and the belief that democracy was bad. believed individual is worthless except for how well he can serve the state |
| Isolationism | idea to take care of problems at home and not get involved in foreign affairs, americans had this idea |
| italy invades ethiopia | attacks country with machine guns, air force, tanks while Ethiopia has spears |
| Hitler seizes Austria | no bloodshed |
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