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government1302
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| authorization for use of military force | the joint resolution passed by congress in september 2001 that authorized the president "to use all necessary and appropiate force" against those responsible for the attacks of september 11, 2001. |
| Bully pulpit | president Theodore Roosevelt's phrase to describe the rethorical dimenssion of the presidential office. |
| damagogue | a dangerous popular leader who appeals to base emotions of the people or flatters them to gain power. |
| executive agreement | an agreement reached between the president of the united states and a foreign nation on matter that do not require formal treaties (and therefor senate aproval). these may either be sale-executive agreements which a |
| executive orders | official documents, having the force of law, through which the president directs federal officials to take certain actions. |
| executive prerogative | the doctrine that an executive may sometimes have to violate the law to preserve the nation. |
| executive privilege | the doctrine that the president may sometimes legitimately refuse to provide executive branch information to congress, the courts, or the public. |
| groupthink | the tendency for members of policy making groups to go along with the prevailing view and mute their own misgivings. |
| line-item veto | a power, possesed by many american governors, to veto a particular item of a bill without vetoing the whole bill. |
| national security council (NSC) | the presiden's official forum for deliberating about and coordinating national security and foreign policy, which includes the president as chair,the vice president, the secretary of state, the secretary of the treasury,and the secretary of defense. |
| office of management and budget(OMB) | the agency within the executive office of the president that reviews budget requests, legislative initiatives, and proposed rules and regulations from the executive agencies. |
| administrative law judge (ALI) | a federal official who conducts hearings, makes findings, and offers recomendations for resolving disputes over an agency's actions. |
| administrative procedure act | the 1946 kaw that set out the process by which federal executive agencies propose and issue regulations. |
| administrative rules | formal regulations by executive branch agencies, usually to carry out legislation. |
| congressional review act | a federal law that requires agencies to send rules to congress for review 60days before they take effect. |
| frontline worker | a government employee who has the physical task of carrying out public policy, often in direct contract with the general public. |
| government accountibility office (GAO) | formely the general accounting office, an independents, non partisian agency that works for congress. GAO investigates how the federal government spends tax payer dollars. |
| governmet-sponsored enterprise (GSE) | a federally charactered ut privately own corperation that seeks to improve the flow or credit. |
| hatch act | a law restricting the political activities of federal employees. in 1993, congress relaxed the restrictions. |
| inspector general (IG) | an official within federal agencies who runs independent investigations into bureucratic operations and makes recomendations to stop waste. |
| issue networks | loose groupings of people and organizations that seek to influence policy, including not only the members of the traditional iron triangle but also policy experts in universities, think thanks, and the media. also called policy communities. |
| merit system | a government personnel practice in which hiring and promotion hinges on individual qualification instead of political affiliation. |
| office of information and regulatory affairs (OIRA) | a unit of the office of management and budget that sets federal policy on statistics and reviews draft rules before publication. |
| organizational culture | shared beliefs within an organization about howw its members should deal with problems and carry on their daily tasks. it is "the way we do things here." |
| outsourcing | the practice of carrying out government functions by giving grants or contracts to the private sector. |
| commutation of sentence | on the recomendation of the board of pardons and paroles, the governor may commute(reduce) a sentence. |
| contingency riders | authorization for spending state money to finance provisions of a bill if it passes. |
| deregulation | the elimination of government restrictions to allow free-market competition to determine or limit the actions of individuals and corperations. |
| executive commissioner of the health and human services commission | appointed by the government with senate aproval, this executive commissioner administers the HHSC, develops policies, makes rules, and appoints (with the approval by the governor) commissioners to head the commission's for departments. |
| postadjournment veto | rejection by the governor of a pending bill or concurrent resolution during the 20 days following a legislative session. |
| public administration | the implementation of public policy by government employees. |
| public utility commission (PUC) | a three-member body with regulatory power over the electric and telephone companies. |
| railroad commission of texas (RRG) | a popularly elected, three-member commission primarily engaged in regulating natural gas and petroleum production. |
| state board of education (SBOE) | a popular elected 15-member body with limited authority over texas k-12 education system. |
| texas department of transportation (TXDOT) | headed by a 3-member commission, the department maintains almost 80,000 miles of road and highways and promotes highway safety. |
| texas education agency (TEA) | administers the states public school system of more than 6,300 schools. |
| texas higher education coordinating board (THECB) | an agency that provides some direction for the state's communitty, colleges and universites. |
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