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HISTORY
CH 8, Sec 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
During the first half of the 1800s what transformed American life? | Thriving Industries and Businesses |
What was the early tranformation with thriving Industries and Businesses called? | The Market Revolution |
During the Market Revolution, what was the Goal of most Americans? | Making MONEY |
The Market Revolution created change and division between who/what? | Divisions between the RICH & POOR and between PEOPLE in Different Regions of the country. |
What was the Industrial Revolution? | An ongoing effort (over many decades) to Increase Production by using machines rather than manuel effort. |
In what country did the Industrial Revolution begin? | Britain in th 1700's |
In Britain what industry was involved that began the change to Industrial Revolution? | The Textile or cloth making industry |
Several British inventions encouraged the Industrial Revolution in America, what were they? | The Spinning Jenny, The Water Frame, and Weaving Cloth |
Name one Invention that played a particularly important role in the Industrial Revolution ? | The Steam Engine |
Who developed the first Practical Steam Engine and where? | James Watt from Britain (1765-1785) |
What were the first steam engines used for? | To pump water out of coal mines & run textile machines |
With British and American imporventment to the Steam Engine it become powerful enough to drive what? | A Locomotive |
Did the British easily share their knowledge of the steam engine and use in textiles with other people? | No, it was GUARDED and against the law for workers to move out of Britain and/or send drawings of the machinery. |
Who immigrated to the US and developed the first Water Powered Textile Mill Machinery & where? | Samuel Slater at a shop in Pawtucket, Rhode Island |
Water Mills grew in number in America due to the need for what? | Cloth (about 240 textile mills/most in Pennsylvania) |
Name the New England Inventor credited with changing Industry forever? | Eli Whitney |
Name the first important Eli Whitney invention? | Interchangeable Parts for Guns |
Why were interchangeable Parts for guns so important? | It initallialy took two weeks to make one gun. With interchangeable parts they could produce more guns faster and with more profit. |
Name some of the inventions and technologies to come about during the Industrial Revolution? | Steamboats, Cotton Gin, Steam Shovel, Interchangeable Parts, Canning Factory, Internal Combustion Engine, Mechanized Cotton Mill |
Eli Whitney is also credited with another major invention,besides Interchangeable Parts for Guns, what was it? | The Cotton Gin |
What is a Machine that separates the Seeds from the raw fibers of the picked Cotton? | The Cotton Gin |
What does the word "Gin" mean? | Engine or Machine |
How did the Cotton Gin help production? | Prior to the machine a worker could only clean ONE Pound of Cotton a day. With the machine a worker could clean 1,000 Pounds of Cotton in a day |
What is a license from the Government giving and inventor the sole right to make, use, and sell and invention for a certain period of time? | PATENT |
Name FOUR Outcomes as a result of the Cotton Gin? | 1)Higher Profit on Cotton 2)Southern Planters made Cotton their MAJOR Crop 3)Planters bought up more LAND to plant more cotton 4)Slavery Increased to work the cotton fields |
Along with the Industrial Revolution came a revolution in what two areas? | 1)Transportation 2)Communication |
Roads that crossed swampy ground and had logs laid down acrosse the road for crossing were called what? | "Corduroy Roads" because they looked like the cloth called Corduroy |
A road financed by the government was the National Road and had another name as well, what was it? | The CUMBERLAND ROAD / The National Road |
What is the Cumberland Road called today? | US Route 40 |
Most roads were built by which, the government or private investors? | Private investors looking for a profit |
How did Privat investors/builders of roads generate a profit? | By collecting TOLLS |
At key locations along a road their was a gate with a bar (that goes up & down) in place to stop traffic and collect a toll, what was this bar called? | A PIKE |
After a road toll was collected, the attendant would TURN the PIKE aside and allow the payer to pass. Thus road came to be called what? | TURNPIKES |
The FIRST Roads were used to get from what place to what place? | One River to antother River. |
What was the countries MAIN Travel Routes? | Rivers |
What were the TWO main River Vehicles for moving people and goods? | KEElboats and FLatboats |
Who Developed a Steam Powered Boat, that could travel in either direction on the rivers? | Robert Fulton |
What was the name of the Steam Powered Paddle Boat invented by Robert Fulton? | The Clermont (North River Steamboat) |
what are Artificial Waterways built by people called? | CANALS |
What Canal linked the Atlantic Coast with the Great Lakes? | The ERIE Canal (built by state of New York, 363 miles long in 1825) |
By 1840 how many miles of Artificial Canal did the nation have? | 3000 miles of canals |
The boats had to be TOWED along the Erie Canal, what animals were used? | Mules or horses |
The Erie canal gave rise to increased settlement and development and what city became a powerful center of business? | New York City |
Canals were important to transportation, but what mode of transportation was even more efficient? | Railroads |
Where did the first American Railroad begin? | Baltimore, Maryland |
What was the first Railroad that started in Baltimore, Maryland Named? | The B & O Line (Baltimore & Ohio) |
Communication was important in the new Revolution and consisted of what? | A new & imporved Postal System, Daily newspapers. Magazines and books |
What was the Change in the way America made, bought and sold goods called? | THE MARKET REVOLUTION (The way goods are marketed) |
What inventions came along based on the INDUSTIAL REVOLUTION? | Cotton gin, steam shovel, interchangeable parts, mechanizec cotton mill, canning factory, internal combution engine, electromagnet |
Why was Manufacturing so important? | More goods available for purchase, people did not have to make everything individually for themselves, they could buy it |
Whys was Investment Capital importnat? | That is money loaned from banks. It enabled business to build or expand their businesess. |
What is CENTRALIZATION? | A Single Place where all the tasks for making a product is located. (Example making cloth, get cotton, gin it, weave it, dye it, do everything in one place...centralized) |
Describe the FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM? | An Economic System that rewards people that find a better,faster, more profitable way of doing business. |
Describe SPECILIZATION? | The system where each worker performs just ONE PART of an entire production process. |
How did Banks make money during this time? | By Charging Interest on Money Loaned Out. |
Where did the Banks get their money to Loan? | From the People who desposted their money in the banks for safekeeping |
Describe INVESTMENT CAPITAL? | Loans made to a business in Hopes of a Future Gain (Investing in a business, hopeing it would be successful and make more money) |
What is a BANK NOTE? | A piece of paper that banks issue to their customers so they can pay for goods and services. (Similiar to our modern CHECKS) |
The value of a Bank Note could change due to the way the Bank was managed and money it had, T/F? | True |
Because the Bank Note value could flucauate, people perfered to get their money in what form? | SPECIE, COIN OF GOLD OR SILVER |
Specie (money) was scarce and hard to carry aroung, T/F? | True |