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Gross Anatomy 2
Abdomen
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Splenic artery on the spleen comes from the... | Celiac trunk posterior to the pancreas |
| The splenic vein empties into the... | portal system |
| Nerve innervation of the spleen is via the... | celiac plexus (sympathetic) |
| The gastric impression on the spleen is formed by the... | fundus of the stomach |
| The renal impression on the spleen is formed by the... | left kidney |
| The colic impression on the spleen is formed by the... | colic flexure |
| The 2 surfaces of the spleen are named the... | diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces |
| The spleen is located anterior to the... | fundus of the stomach |
| The spleen is located medial to the... | left kidney |
| The spleen is located posterior to the... | diaphragm |
| The spleen is located superior to the... | colic flexure |
| Where is the spleen located? | On the left between ribs 9-11. |
| What region is the spleen located? | The left hypochondriac region. |
| What organ is the head of the pancreas closely associated with? | The duodenum (2nd part). |
| What is posterior to the neck of the pancreas? | The inferior vena cava, where the portal system forms. |
| What is located posterior to the body of the pancreas? | The aorta. |
| What blood vessel is located superiorly to the body of the pancreas? | The celiac trunk. |
| What blood vessel is located inferiorly to the body of the pancreas? | The superior mesenteric artery. |
| Which organ is located posteriorly to the body of the pancreas? | The left kidney. |
| Nerve innervation to the pancreas is via the... | celiac plexus and vagus (vasomotor) |
| Which vessels branch off the superior mesenteric artery? | The posterior and anterior branches of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery. |
| Which artery gives rise to the pancreaticoduodenal arteries? | The gasteroduodenal artery. |
| Which 2 vessels branch off the splenic artery? | The dorsal and great pancreatic arteries. |
| The sternal costal hiatus allows for passage of... | internal thoracic arteries, anterior branch of the phrenic nerve, vena comitantes, and some lymphatic vessels |
| The vertebral origin of the diaphragm arises from... | body of L2, TVP of L1 and body of the 12th rib |
| On the left vertebral origin of the diaphram is... | the upper bodies of L2-3 |
| On the right, the vertebral origin of the diaphragm is... | the upper bodies of L3-4 |
| At what vertebral level is the aortic hiatus located? | T12 |
| What forms the aortic hiatus? | the right and left crus legs |
| The esophageal hiatus is formed at what level? | T10 |
| What forms the esophageal hiatus? | The right crus forming a weak sphincter. |
| What passes through the medial arcuate ligament? | Psoas muscle. |
| What passes through the lateral arcuate ligament? | Quadratus lumborum. |
| What passes through the aortic hiatus? | The aorta and the thoracic duct. |
| What passes through the esophageal hiatus? | The esophagus, both vagal trunks, esophageal arteries and left gastric arteries. |
| What innervates the diaphragm? | sensory via the intercostal nerves and motor via the right and left phrenic nerves (C3, 4 and 5) |
| What actions does the diaphragm perform? | respiration, defecation, vomiting, urination and parturation. |
| At what vertebral level does the caval opening occur? | T8 (9) |
| The right hypochondriac region contains... | liver, gall bladder and right colic flexure |
| epigastric region contains... | stomach and another part of the liver |
| The left hypochondriac region contains... | spleen and left colic flexure |
| The right lumbar region contains... | the ascending colon |
| The umbilical region contains... | small intestine |
| The left lumbar region contains... | the descending colon |
| The hypogastric region contains... | the anal canal |
| The right inguinal region contains... | the appendix and the small and large intestine junction |
| The left inguinal region contains... | the sygmoidal colon |
| What is the name of the superficial abdominal fascia? | Camper's or fatty fascia |
| What is the name of the deep abdominal fascia? | Membranous or Scarpa's fascia |
| What is the origin of the rectus abdominis muscle? | Symphysis pubis and pubic crest |
| What is the insertion of the rectus abdominis muscle? | xiphoid process, tendonous insertions, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 |
| What innervates the rectus abdominis muscle? | Anterior rami of T5-12 |
| What are the actions of the rectus abdominis muscle? | Flexion of the vertebral column, increases abdominal pressure, depresses the rib cage and elevates the pelvis |
| What is the origin of the pyramidalis muscle? | The body of the pubic bone |
| What is the insertion of the pyramidalis muscle? | The linea alba |
| What is the action of the pyramidalis muscle? | Tenses the linea alba |
| What nerve innervates the pyramidalis muscle? | Subcostal nerve of T12 |
| What is the origin of the external oblique muscle? | External ribs 5-12 |
| What is the insertion of the external oblique muscle? | Pubic bone, anterior half of the iliac crest and anterior rectus sheath |
| What is the action of the external oblique muscle? | Bilateral-flexion of the spine and unilateral-rotation of the spine |
| What is the innervation of the external oblique muscle? | Anterior rami of T7-11, subcostal nerve and ilioinguinal nerve |
| What is the origin of the internal oblique muscle? | Thoracal-lumbar fascia, lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligament and iliac crest |
| What is the insertion of the internal oblique muscle? | Pubic bone, inferior border of ribs T10-12 |
| What is the innervation of the internal oblique muscle? | Anterior rami of T7-11, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves |
| What are the actions of the internal oblique muscle? | Same as external oblique |
| What is the origin of the transverse abdominis muscle? | Lateral 1/3 of the inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracal lumbar fascia and internal surfaces of the lower 6 costal cartilages |
| What is the insertion of the transverse abdominis muscle? | Pubic bone, pubic crest and linea alba |
| What is the action of the transverse abdominis muscle? | Increase abdominal pressure |
| What innervates the transverse abdominis muscle? | T7-12, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves |
| The anterior rectus sheath originates and inserts... | from the xiphoid to the symphysis pubis |
| At the arcuate ligament, what muscles form the anterior rectus sheath? | External and internal oblique |
| Where does the anterior rectus sheath formed by all 3 lateral muscles of the abdominal wall? | Half way in between the umbilical fold |
| What forms the posterior rectus sheath? | Internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscles |
| Where does the posterior rectus sheath end? | Arcuate line |
| Where does the superior epigastric vein originate from? | Internal thoracic which originates from the subclavian |
| Where does the lateral thoracic vein originate from? | thoracoepigastric, then superficial epigastric, then femoral vein |
| How does the superior epigastric vein connect to the femoral vein? | Via the inferior epigastric vein |
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chirojeremy
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