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Chapter 12/13
Chapter 12/13: The Great Depression & The New Deal
WORD | DEFINITION |
---|---|
1.speculation | practice of making high-risk investments in hopes of obtaining large profits |
2.Black Tuesday | October 29,1929,when stock prices fell sharply in the Great Crash |
3.business cycle | periodic growth and contraction of the economy |
4.Great Depression | period lasting from 1929 to 1941 in which the U.S economy faltered and unemployment soared |
5.Hawley-Smoot Tariff | protective import tax authorized by Congress in 1930 |
6.bread line | line of people waiting for food handouts from charities or public agencies |
7.Hooverville | term used to describe makeshift shantytowns set up by homeless people during the Great Depression |
8.tenant farmer | some farmers that remained on the land working for bigger landowners rather than for themselves |
9.Dust Bowl | term used for the central and southern Great Plains during the 1930s when the region suffered from drought and dust storms |
10.Okies | general term used to describe Dust Bowl refugees |
11.repatriation | process by which Mexican Americans were encouraged, or forced, by local, state, and federal officials to return to Mexico during the 1930s |
12.localism | policy relied on by President Hoover in the early years of the Depression where by local and state governments act as primary agents of economic relief |
13.Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) | federal agency set up by Congress in 1932 to provide emergency government credit to banks, railroads, and other large businesses |
14.trickle-down economics | economic theory that holds that money lent to banks and businesses will trickle down to consumers |
15.Hoover Dam | dam on the Colorado River that was built during the Great Depression |
16.Bonus Army | group of World War I veterans who marched on Washington,D.C., IN 1932 to demand early payment of a bonus promised them by Congress |
17.New Deal | programs and legislation enacted by Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression to promote economic recovery and social reform |
18.fireside chat | informal radio broadcasts in which FDR explained issues and New Deal programs to average Americans |
19.Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | government agency that insures bank deposits, guaranteeing that depositor's money will be safe |
20.Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | government agency that built dams in the Tennessee River valley to control flooding and generate electric power |
21.Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) | New Deal program that provided young men with relief jobs on environmental conservation projects, including reforestation and flood control |
22.National Recovery Administration (NRA) | New Deal agency that promoted economic recovery by regulating production, prices, and wages |
23.Public Works Administration (PWA) | New Deal agency that provided millions of jobs constructing public buildings |
24.Second New Deal | legislative activity begun by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935 to solve problems created by the Great Depression |
25.Works Progress Administration (WPA) | key New Deal agency that provided work relief through various public works projects |
26.pump priming | economic Theory that favored public works projects because they put money into the hands of consumers who would buy more goods, stimulating the economy |
27.Social Security Act | 1935 law that set up a pension system for retirees, established unemployment insurance, and created insurance for victims of work-related accidents; provided aid for poverty-stricken mothers and children, the blind, and the disabled |
28.Wagner Act | New Deal law that abolished unfair labor practices, recognized the right of employees to organize labor unions, and gave workers the right to collective bargaining |
29.collective bargaining | process in which employers negotiate with labor unions about hours, wages and other working conditions |
30.Fair Labor Standards Act | 1938 law that set a minimum wage, a maximum workweek of 44 hours, and outlawed child labor |
31.Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) | labor organization founded in the 1930s that represented unskilled industrial workers |
32.sit-down strikes | labor protest in which workers stop working and occupy the workplace until their demands are met |
33.court packing | FDR plan to add up to six new justices to the nine-member Supreme Court after the Court had ruled that some New Deal legislation was unconstitutional |
34.Black Cabinet | group of African American leaders who served as unofficial advisers to Franklin D. Roosevelt |
35.Indian New Deal | 1930s legislation that gave Indians greater control over their affairs and provided funding for schools and hospitals |
36.New Deal coalition | political force formed by diverse groups who united to support Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal |
37.welfare state | government that assumes responsibility for providing for the welfare of the poor, elderly, sick, and unemployed |
38.The Wizard of OZ | one of the most memorable depression-era films |
39.War of the Worlds | drama of millions of Americans caused by the Mercury Theatre broadcast |
40.Federal Art Project | division of the Works Progress Administration that hired unemployed artists to create artworks for public buildings and sponsored art-education programs and exhibitions |
41.mural | a large picture painted directly on a wall or ceiling |