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EOC Ch. 15 Immigr.
Immigrants and Urbanization
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ellis Island | primary immigration station on the east coast |
| Angel Island | primary immigration station on the west coast |
| melting pot | mixture of people of different cultures and races blended together by abandoning native languages and customs |
| nativism | overt favoritism to one's home country |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | 1882 Congressional Act banning entry to America for all Chinese who were not students, teachers, merchants, tourists, or government officials |
| Gentlemen's Agreement | agreement made by U.S. and Japanese officials limiting emigration of Japanese unskilled workers to the U.S. in exchange for repeal of the San Francisco segregation order |
| urbanization | growth of cities |
| Americanization Movement | social campaign designed to assimilate people of wide-ranging cultures into the dominant culture |
| tenements | often overcrowded and unsanitary multifamily urban dwellings |
| mass transit systems | transport systems designed to move large numbers of people along fixed routes |
| Social Gospel Movement | reform program preaching salvation through service to the poor |
| settlement houses | community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance to people in the area, especially immigrants |
| Jane Addams | one of the most influential members of the Settlement House movement who founded Chicago's Hull House in 1889 |
| political machine | an organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a city |
| graft | the illegal use of political influence for personal gain |
| Boss Tweed | influential and corrupt leader of New York's Tammany Hall machine in the late 1860's |
| patronage | the giving of government jobs to people who have helped a political candidate get elected |
| civil service | government administration |
| James Garfield | U.S. president assassinated by a deranged office seeker; his death spurred the creation of the U.S. civil service |
| Pendleton Civil Service Act | created a bipartisan civil service commission to make appointments to federal jobs through a merit system based on examination, not patronage |
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