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A Changing Nation
Ch. 13 pg. 394 (1790-1860) The Industrial Revolution and America
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| textiles | The first important breakthrough of the Industrial Revolution in the manufacturing and producing of items such as cloth. |
| technology | These are tools used to produce items or to do work. During the Industrial Revolution, skilled workers made items by hand resulting in slower production. |
| interchangeable parts | To make items for the government, Eli Whitney, used machines and the concept that each vital part that went into making the product would be exactly the same (identical). |
| mass production | Whitney proved that American inventors could keep up with and improve upon the new British technology. This could be done by making large numbers of goods that are exactly alike. |
| Industrial Revolution | A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production. |
| Richard Arkwright | An Englishman that patented a large spinning machine, called the water frame, that ran on waterpower. This brought dramatic changes to the cloth industry. |
| Samuel Slater | A skilled British mechanic that knew how to build water frames. He ran the first mill, located in Pawtucket, Rhode Island in 1790. He illegally immigrated to the U.S. from Britain. |
| Eli Whitney | The inventor of interchangeable parts which he believed to be a "new principle" in manufacturing. |
| James Hargreaves | In 1764, this British person designed the spinning jenny. |
| War of 1812 | This war convinced officials and business people that the U.S. was too dependent on imported manufactured goods. |
| mills | These were built by merchants because Arkwright's machines were too large to fit in people's homes and because they needed to be located near streams (water). |
| American textile manufacturers | These people faced problems because Americans were use to producing hand made products. Slater provided the solution by building machines that would produce cloth faster. |
| Britain increase over U.S. manufacturing growth | Britain already had plenty of factory workers and their land was scarce and expensive while the people from the U.S. worked their land. |
| East and southern states growth | New England was closer to ships that were loaded with goods while southerners practiced agriculture (farming). |
| Higher tariffs on foreign goods | This was done to protect and encourage U.S. goods. |
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