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Civil War Midterm
History130 Identification Items
| Term | Importance |
|---|---|
| The Wilmot Proviso, 1846 PA Democrat David Wilmot | Prohibits slavery in new western territories (Mex, CA, NM) -by making new territories free, upsets the balance of free/slave states, Union will eventually gain majority threatening to destroy the Southern culture, leads to Compromise of 1850 |
| The Fugitive Slave Act, 1850 (in compromise) effects runaway slaves to Northern free states | Runaway slaves caught in the North could be returned to slavery in the South without fair trail -further separates North and South by sectional priorities, unfair process because catchers don't need any legal documentation to return a slave and collect $ |
| Popular Sovereignty, 1850 (then in election of 1860) main advocate, Stephen A. Douglas | States given right to decide by popular vote to be free/slave state -awards states rights, part of compromise to appease South, failed attempt to accommodate slavery, does not cause balance btwn. N and S (bleeding Kansas, illegal voting) |
| Forts Henry and Donelson (Union victory) February 1862, Confederate troops stationed btwn. KY, TN along Mississippi and Cumberland Rivers | Union staged land and water capture of CSA forts, led by Ulysses S. Grant, captured Henry then Donelson -Union victory begins the campaign to control the MI River, huge loss of CSA supplies, Union border-states solidified in victory, Grant is bold genera |
| Clement Vallandigham, arrested April 1863 leader of "Knights" in the N to promote treasonous CSA success | Denounced draft and declares CSA sympathies, sentenced to prison for disloyal opinions -threatened Union politics and banished to CSA as P.O.W., revealed conflict btwn. Lincoln's exec. power and Removal Act, he was tried on a charge unknown to law |
| Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 Lucretia Mott, Cady Stanton for women's movement | Announced "Declaration of Sentiments" to address denial of human rights bc. men dominated women's decisions -opened up women's equality in church/school/orgs, women could own property/hold men's professions/make decisions (men had previously dominated) |
| The Crittenden Resolution, December 1861 (Amendment proposal during the secession crisis) Committee of 13 senators, John Crittenden KY | Prohibits slavery in national territory N of 36*30' line, but permitted establishment/protection S of line, allows any state to enter Union, prevents congress from abolishing slavery -disagreed w/ Wilmot Proviso already in effect, extended slavery |
| The Morrill Land Grant Act, June 1862 dedicated to Justin S. Morrill | Land grant money given to states for the development of higher education, all states equalized for the purpose of education -land sold could be used for war, but the money was used for education in all states in support of preexisting colleges/creation |
| The Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 Stephen A. Douglas as repeal to Missouri Compromise | Created new territories of KS/NE, opens new land for settlement, allowed to decide by popular sovereignty free/slave -false voters rushed to vote for/against slavery the left the territory, violent outbreaks (cane beating), opp. to act created Republican |
| The Anaconda Plan, 1861 (early war strategy) Winfield Scott, Union | Close off S w/ gunboats on MI/coast, cut off supplies to CSA (S is huge, difficult to control all of) -blockade exports to Europe, hurt CSA economy slowly, river war cut off supplies, opp. criticized the slow speed of plan (should attack Richmond ASAP) |
| The "Twenty Negro" Law, CSA conscription 1862 passed by CSA congress, effects slaveholders | Plantation owners of 20+ slaves were exempted from the CSA draft so they could keep watch over their slaves during the war (pos. contribution to war effort -kept wealthy out of war, unfair for poor soldiers, turns classes against eachother over same caus |
| Dred Scott, purchased as slave 1833- trial until 1857 Missouri is a slave state | MO slave, but moved w/ master to free state Illinois, then back to MO and testifies he should be allowed free -trial rules that Negros are not citizens (can't testify), can't take property away from slaveholder (against the MO compromise to ban slavery) |
| Roger B. Taney, 1857 ruling in Dred Scott Decision chief justice MD | Declared that all blacks (free/slave) are not citizens, 1850 Compromise unconstitutional bc. Congress can't declare what property is not allowed (void 36*30') -new anti southern sentiment in N, radical who challenged federal legislation/congress. rights |
| Charles Sumner, 1856 incident Mass. Senator | Denounced slavery in S as a "rape" of the community, Preston Brooks (cousin SC senator Butler) beat Sumner w/ cane -angry N shown symbol of S's barbarism, Republicans increase anti-S/slavery efforts, S responds pos. standing up for slaveholders |
| Joseph E. Brown, GA gov. GA secession December 1860 | Immediately chose to secede the day after Lincoln's election, loyal to CSA independence but wanted GA as separate peace away from S's unfair tax/conscription -state's rights further limited under the CSA, denied sovereignty of state, Davis' imperial powe |
| Stephen A. Douglas, Democratic IL Senator ran against Lincoln in 1860 election | Proposed idea of popular sovereignty to appease S in 1850 Compromise, used again in his Lincoln debates (no yet ready to allow blacks as citizens, states' rights as main priority of presidency) -influential legislation and presidential candidate ...? |
Created by:
cmollendyke
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