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NWHSU Mash GA2Q2 Emb
NWHSU Mash GA 2 Quiz 2 Embryology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ____________ EARLIEST branchial arch composition of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue | Mesoderm from the 2nd, 3rd & 4th Arches |
| Anomaly formed when part of the vitelline duct persists at the apex of the primary intestinal loop | Meckels Diverticulum |
| Artery whose branches supply the derivatives of the caudal foregut | Celiac Artery |
| Artery whose branches supply the derivatives of the midgut. | Superior Mesenteric Artery |
| Artery whose branches supply the derivatives of the hindgut. | Inferior Mesenteric Artery |
| Branchial arch composition of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue | Mesoderm of the Ventral Mandibular (1st) Arch |
| Briefly describe an omphalocele. How does it occur (develop)? | Anomaly of herniation, when mid-gut fails to return and is covered by amnion in the umbilical cord. |
| Briefly, what happens to the endodermal epithelium of the esophagus and intestine in the second month of development | Luminal Obliteration followed by recavitation. |
| Describe (do not draw) the DEGREES and DIRECTION of rotation of the midgut while it is in the herniated position inside the umbilical cord only. | 90 Degrees counter-clockwise |
| Discuss in detail the development of an INTERNAL branchial fistula. | Abnormal regression of the tissue between the 2nd arch & 2nd Pouch |
| Discuss in detail the formation of a cervical sinus | 2nd Branchial arch grows caudally overlaping the 3&4 Branchial arches, 2nd arch fuses with Epicardial Ridge Thus, 2nd, 3rd, 4th clefts are buried forming the cervical sinus. |
| Discuss the development of the falciform ligament and lesser omentum | Liver grows out of the septum transversum, the mesoderm of septum forms ligaments. |
| Discuss the rotational movements of the STOMACH. | 90 Degress clockwise on vertical axis & clockwise on Anteroposterior (A to P) axis |
| Draw 2 diagrams (x-sections through the gut loop) showing positional changes of the proximal (cephalic) limb of the primary intestinal loop during REDUCTION (return) of the midgut hernia ONLY. | Draw Diagrams |
| Exactly where does the midgut end in the ADULT? | Junction of Right 2/3 and left 1/3 transverse colon |
| Explain why the right recurrent laryngeal n. loops under the right subclavian a. but the left loops under the arch of the aorta. BE SPECIFIC AND COMPLETE! | Distal part of Right 6th arch drops out allowing the right recurrent laryngeal to move up underneath the right 4th aortic arch. |
| From what embryonic components do the following parts of the liver develop? Be sure to also mention the germ layer in your answer. a) parenchyma (functional part) b) Connective tissue | a) Gut Endoderm b) Mesodermal partition of septum transversum |
| Give the derivatives if any of : (BE SPECIFIC) a) distal part of right 6th aortic arch- b) left 4th aortic arch- c) 3rd aortic arch- | a) regresses b) Part of Aortic Arch between left common carotid & left subclavian artery c)Common carotid arteries and proximal 1/3 of internal carotid arteries |
| Give the derivatives if any of : (BE SPECIFIC) a) right 4th aortic arch- b) left 1st aortic arch- | a) Proximal Part of Subclavian Artery b) regresses |
| Give the embryonic component that forms: a) the left subclavian artery b)the portion of the right subclavian IMMEDIATELY proximal to the vertebral artery | a) Left 7th Intersegmental artery b) Right 4th aortic arch & some of right dorsal aorta |
| Give the embryonic derivation of the INTERNAL carotid a. | Proximal 1/3 - 3rd Aortic Arch & Distal 2/3 - Dorsal Aortae |
| In detail, how does a left- sided cecum develop? | An anomaly where intestine only rotates 90 of the typical 270 degrees counter-clockwise rotation |
| List the degrees and direction of rotation of the gut during its RETURN to the abdominal cavity ONLY. | 180 Degrees counter-clockwise |
| List the EMBRYONIC components that collectively form the definitive ARCH of the AORTA | Aortic sac, Left 4th Arch, Left Dorsal Aorta |
| Name two derivatives of the CAUDAL limb of the primary intestinal loop | Distal 2-3 feet of ileum, cecum, ascending colon, proximal right 2/3 of transverse colon |
| Name the ADULT derivatives of the following: a) 2nd cleft b) 2nd pouch c) Ventral 3rd pouch d) Copula (hypobranchial eminence) | a) No derivatives b) tonsilar fossa & palatine tonsils c)Thymus d)Posterior 1/3 of tongue |
| Name the ADULT derivatives of the following: a) dorsal fourth pouch b) third cleft | a)Superior Parathyroid b) Regresses - No Derivatives (2,3,4 may temporarily produce cervical sinus then disappear) |
| Name the ADULT derivatives of the following: a) Dorsal third pouch b) Ventral 4th pouch | a) Inferior Parathyroid b) Ultimobranchial body |
| Name the ADULT derivatives of the following a) dorsal 3rd pouch b) first pouch | a) Inferior Parathyroid b) tubotympanic recess containing, typanic cavity, auditory tube & tympanic membrane |
| Name the ADULT derivatives of the following a) dorsal 4th pouch b) third cleft | Superior Parathyroid, None |
| Name the primordium (NOT arches) responsible for each part of the tongue listed below: a) Anterior 2/3rds b) Posterior 1/3rd | a) Lateral Lingual Swellings B) Copula (Hypobranchial Eminence) |
| Name two derivatives of the CEPHALIC limb of the primary intestinal loop | Distal part of the duodenum, jejunum, jejunum and most of ileum |
| Name two FETAL vessels which carry highly oxygenated blood and close at birth. What adult structures do they form? | Umbilical Vein - Ligamentum Teres Hepatis & Ductus Arteriosus - Ligamentum Arteriosum |
| SPECIFICALLY, how does a structure become secondarily retroperitoneal? | When its Dorsal Mesentery fuses with Abdominal Wall |
| Specifically, where does the midgut end in the adult? | Junction of Right 2/3 and left 1/3 transverse colon |
| Specifically, where does the hindgut end in the adult? | Pectinate Line of Anal Canal |
| The brachiocephalic artery specifically develops from what embryonic component? | Aortic Sac of the Truncus Arteriosus |
| What develops from the: a) right 4th aortic arch b) left 2nd aortic arch | a) Proximal Part of Right Subclavian b) Regresses except for small stapedial and hyoid arteries |
| What happens to: a) 2nd aortic arch b) Distal left 6th arch | a) Regresses b) Forms ductus arteriosus |
| When (week) and why does the midgut undergo physiological umbilical herniation? | 6th week, due to rapid growth of cephalic limb the abdominal cavity is temporarily too small |
| Specifically, where does the foregut end in the adult? | at major duodenal papillae or where bile duct enters duodenum |
Created by:
AnatomyMash
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