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GA Exam #2 NWHSU
Gross Anatomy Exam #2 NWHSU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscle that is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve? | Gluteus Maximus |
| What muscle is immediately superior to the sciatic nerve? | Piriformis |
| Action of the Gluteus Minimus? | Adduction and Medial Rotation of the hip |
| What Muscles insert on the iliotibial tract? | The Gluteus maximus and the tensor of fasciae latae |
| Originates on the posterior fibula ONLY and its tendon passes behind the medial malleolus? | Flexor Hallicus Longus |
| Deepest muscle at the posterior knee? | Popliteus |
| Action of semitenonosus across the knee joint? | Flexion of the knee and medial rotation of tibia when knee is flexed |
| Muscle which originates on the ischial tuberosity and insertes on the anterior proximal tibial shaft? | Semitendinosus |
| Hamstring inserting on posterior medal tibial condyle? | Semimembranosus |
| List the individual names and actions of the muscles collectively known as the triceps surae? | Gastrocnemius (knee flexion and plantaflexion of ankle) and Soleus (plantar flexion of ankle) BOTH do lift heel when running or jumping |
| Abdominal muscle that rotates the trunk to the same side? | Internal Oblique |
| List 4 actions of Sartorius muscle? | 1) Abduction of Hip 2) Flexion of femur 3) Lateral rotation of hip 4) Flexion of knee |
| Muscle which lies immediately deep to adductor longus? | Adductor Brevis |
| Action of gracilis across the HIP joint? | Adduction on hip |
| Orgin of the rectus femoris muscle? | Anterior inferior Iliac Spine and Upper rim of Acetabulum |
| Innervation of adductor magnus muscle? | (Anterior head of) Obturator and Posterior head of) Sciatic |
| Action of Pectineus? | Flexion of Femur Adduction of femur Medial rotation of femur |
| Insertion of peroneus (Fibularis) longus? | Base of 1st metatarsal on plantar surface and medial cuneform tarsal bone on plantar surface |
| Origin of extensor digitorum brevis? | Anterior Calcaneous |
| Action of peroneus (fibularis) tertius? | Dorsaflexion of foot, eversion of foot |
| Innervation of Extensor Hallicus Longus? | Deep Fibular Nerve |
| Specifically, what forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal? | Aponerosis of external oblique muscle |
| Specifically, what forms the important conjoined tendon? | Intern oblique Muscle and transverse abdominis muscle |
| Portion of the spermatic cord derived from the internal oblique? | Cremaster muscle and its fascia |
| The femoral nerve carries fibers from these specific spinal cord segments? | L2, L3, L4 |
| Apart from muscle paralysis, injury to this specific nerve would present anesthesia of the skin in the small area (web) between the 1st and 2nd toes ONLY? | Deep Fibular Nerve |
| The tibial nerve passes immediately deep to this muscle during most of its course in the leg? | Soleus |
| The Sciatic Nerve DIRECTLY innervates what muscle(s)? | Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Adductor Magnus (posterior head), Biceps femoris, |
| The tibial nerve terminates as the? | Medial Plantar Nerve and Lateral Plantar Nerve |
| What arises from the arcuate artery? | The Dorsal Metatarsal |
| In Detail, how does the great saphenous vein become a tributary to the deep veins? (Include vein it drains into and how it gains access to it)? | It arises from dorsal digitals, dorsal metatarsal and dorsal venous arch and travels up the medial lg to the saphenous hiatus (which is a gap in the fasciae latae). It then is a tributary to the femoral nerve. |
| Artery of which medial femoral circumflex is a direct branch? | Profunda femoris |
| Artery which runs deep with the deep peroneal nerve? | Anterior tibial artery |
| Smallest fiber-like unit of muscle that is visable to the human eye? | Fasicles |
| Considering that the muscle volume remains constant, what can one say when comparing the RANGE and STREGTH of contraction of an unattached (free) muscle? | They have an inverse relationship. RANGE depends on LENGTH of fascicles. STRENGTH depends on the cross sectional area of the fascicles. |
| Discuss what is meant by a functional reversal of origin and insertion? | Origin refers to the FIXED part of muscle. Insertion refers to the movable part of muscle. A functional reversal is when the origin becomes movable and the insertion is the immovable part of muscle. an example of this is a sit up. |
| Give the functional classification and NAME a proprioceptor? | GSA -- MUSCLE SPINDLES |
| Classify efferents to the muscle of facial expression and mastication. why are they classified as such? | SVE -- they come from the brachial arches in an embryo |
| List the special sensations? | Vision, hearing + equilibrium, Taste (gustation), smell (olfcation) |
| SPECIFIC components innervated by the autonomic nervous system? | Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle, glands |
| Name the muscle that form the 3rd layer of the plantar foot? | Flexor Hallucis Brevis, Adductor Hallucis, Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis |
| Name the Medial rotators of the Hip? | Gluteus medius, Gluteus Minimus, Tensor of fasciae Latae, Pectineus, Adductor Magnus (anterior head) |
| Name the two important ligaments with attachments to the Ischium and Sacrum? | Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous Ligaments |
| Name the ligaments that run from the tibia to the lateral malleolus? | Anterior tibiofibular ligament and Posterior tibiofibular ligament |
| Flexors of the FEMUR? | Adductor magnus (anterior head), Adductor Longus, Adductor brevis, Pectineus, Rectus Femoris, Tensor of Fasciae Latae, Sartorius, Psoas Major and Illiacus |
| Extensors of Femur? | Gluteus Maximus, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Biceps Femoris, Adductor Magnus (Posterior Head) |
| Adductors of the Femur? | Adductor Magnus, Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Pectineus, Gracilis |
| Abductors of the Femur? | Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, Tensor of Fasicae Latae, Sartorius |
| Lateral Rotators of the Femur? | Gluteus Maximus, Piriformis, Gemellus Superior, Obtorator Internus, Gemellus Inferior, Obtorator Externus, Quadratus Femoris, Sartorius, Adductor Magnus (posterior head) |
| Medial Rotators of the Femur? | Adductor magnus (anterior head), Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, Tensor of Fasicae Latae, Pectineus |
| Flexors of the Knee? | Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Sartorius, Gracillis, Plantaris, Popliteus. |
| Extensor of the knee? | Vastus Lateralus, Vastus Medialus, Vastus Intermedialis, Rectus Femoris, Tensor of Fasciae Latae |
| Medial Rotators of the knee -rotates TIBIA when the Knee is flexed? | Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Popliteus, Gracilis, Sartorius |
| Lateral Rotators of the knee - rotates FEMUR when knee is extended? | Popliteus |
| Lateral Rotators of the knee - Rotates TIBIA when knee is Flexed? | Biceps Femoris |
| Dorsiflexors of the angle? | Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Digitorum longus, Fibularis tertius, Extensor Hallucis longus |
| Plantarflexors of that Ankle? | Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Fibularis Longus, Fibularis Brevis, Tibularis Posterior, Flexor Hallucis Longus, Flexor Digitorum longus |
| Invertors of the foot? | Tibialis Anterior, Tibialis Posterior |
| Evertors of the Foot? | Fibularis Tertius, Fibulari Longus, Fibularis Brevis |
| Muscle which originates on the ischial tuberosity and inserts on the anterior proximal tibial shaft? | Semitendinosus |
| Action of semitendinosus across the knee joint? | Flexion an medial rotation |
| Hamstring inserting on posterior medial tibial condyle? | Semimembranosus |
| Origin of Gastrocnemius? | Medial and lateral epicondyle of the femur |
| Originates on the posterior fibula ONLY and its tendon passes behind the medial malleolus? | Flexor Hallicus Longus |
| FUNCTION of the popliteus muscles? | Unlocks the knee |
| Invertor of the foot innervated by the tibial N? | Posterior Tibialis |
| Action of the rectus femoris muscle? | Flexion of the hip and extension of the knee |
| Muscle which lies immediately deep to the adductor longus muscle, it inserts on only a single bony landmark? | Adductor Brevis |
| Insertion of the adductor magnus? | anterior head - adductor tubercle of femur. Posterior head - linea aspera |
| origin of the psoas major muscle? | t12 - L5 vertebral bodies, intervertebral disc, and L1-L5 TP's |
| Action of Pectinius? | Adduction of femur, Medial rotation of femur, flexion of femur |
| Origin of the Sartorius muscle? | Anterior superior iliac spine |
| insertion of the adductor brevis muscle? | Linea aspera |
| Muscles which insert on the iliotibial tract? | Gluteus maximus and tensor of fasciae latae |
| Lateral rotator of the hip supplied by the obtorator nerve? | Obtorator Externus |
| Muscle which originates on the proximal ischial tuberosity and inserts on the medial greater trochanter? | Inferior gemellus |
| Muscle innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve? | Gluteus Maximus |
| Muscle which originates from the anterior distal fibula (wit extensor digitorum longus) and inserts into the base of the 5th metatarsal? | Peroneus tertius |
| Action of the fibularis/peroneus longus? | Eversion and plantar flexion of the ankle |
| Nerve of tibialis anterior? | Deep Peroneal Nerve |
| insertion of fibularis/peroneus brevis? | Base of 5th metatarsal |
| abdominal muscle that rotates the trink to the opposite side? | External oblique |
| Specifically, what forms the posterior wall of the inguinal cannal? | Transversalis Fascia |
| Name the component from which the cremaster muscle is formed? | Internal Oblique muscle |
| Differentiate between the course of a direct and indirect inguinal hernia? Be detailed and complete!!! | indirection hernia penetrates the Deep inguinal canal. Direct hernias go straight down and around the conjoined tendon and eventually pus through the superficial inguinal canal. they never go through the deep inguinal canal. |
| Nerve that traverses the adductor canal to provide cutaneous innervation to the medial side of the leg, angle, and the foot to the great toe? | Saphaneus |
| The Tibial nerve contains fibers from these specific spinal cord segments? | L4, L5, S1, S2, S3 |
| Point at which the common peroneal/fibular nerve is particularly vulnerable to injury? | Neck of fibula |
| Specific nerve from which the sural nerve arises? | Tibial Nerve |
| The ONLY muscular clinical sign a paient shows is involuntary inversion of the foot. this would indicate injury to the _________________ nerve? | Superficial peroneal |
| The Peroneal/fibular artery is a branch of this artery? | Posterior Tibial Artery |
| Name the vessels which help to form the cruciate anastomosis? | inferior gluteal artery, 1st branch of perforating artery, medial femoral circumflex artery, lateral femoral circumflex artery |
| Origintes from the arcuate artery? | Dorsal metatarsal arteries |
| Name given to the connective tissue covering the smallest unit of a muscle visible to the naked eye? | Perimysium |
| Besides being external to the epimysium and sometimes fused to it, give two other characteristics of the deep fascia? | 1) Divides the muscles into functional compartments via the intramuscular septa. 2) surrounds individual muscles and allows them to freely move against each other |
| Discuss what is meant by functional reversal of origin and insertion? | Origin I usually stationary and insertion is the movable segment. a functional reversasl is when the insertion is stationary and origin is moving. |
| Specific components innervated by the autonomic nervous system? | Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands |
| Give the function 3 letter classification and NAME a proprioceptor? | GSA Gogli tendon apparatus |
| According to lecture, name the anatomical structures placed in the peripheral nervous system? | 12 pairs of cranial nerves. 31 pairs of spinal nerves. Autonomic nerves of the ANS. |
| Define Irritability? | The ability of a cell to receive and respond to a stimulus. |
| List the basic MOTOR functions of the nervous system? | Muscular contraction. Glandular secretion. |
| Name the intrinsic muscles in the plantar foot that form the 3rd layer? | Flexor Digiti minimi brevis, Adductor Hallicus, flex or hallicus brevis. |
| Name the medial rotators of the knee? | Sartorius, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Popliteus, Gracilis |
| A patient presents a sprained ankle caused by excessive inversion. Give specific ligamentous damage? | Anterior Talofibular ligament |
| A ligament deep to the dorsal sacroiliac ligament, located in the deep groove between the sacrum and ilium? | Introsseuous sacroiliac ligament |
| Name the muscles whos tendons pss behind the medial malleolus. list them from POSTERIOR to ANTERIOR as the pass around the malleolus? | Flexor hallicus longus, Flexor digitorum longus, Tibialus Posterior |
| FUNCTION of the popliteus muscle? | Unlocks the knee |
| Insertion of the biceps femoris? | Head of fibularis and lateral condyle of tibia |
| Muscle which originates on the ischia tuberosity and inserts on the anterior proximal tibial shaft? | Semitendinosus |
| List individual dames and actions of the muscle collectively known as the triceps surae? | GASTROCNEMIUS - plantar flexion of ankle and assists flexion of knee. SOLEUS - plantar flexion of ankle. |
| Muscle which inserts on the iliotibial tract? | Gluteus maximus, tensor of fascia latae |
| Origin of the superior gemellus muscle? | Ischial spine |
| Muscle which origin ates on the proximal ischial tuberosity and inserts on the medial greater trochanter? | Inferior gemellus |
| Innervation of adductor longus? | Obtorator nerve |
| Insertion of the adductor magnus? | Anterior head - linea aspera of femur. Posterior head - adductor tubercle. |
| List the 4 actions of the Sartorius muscle? | Abduction, flexion and lateral rotation of femur at the hip, and medial rotation of knee when flexed. |
| Knee extensor and hip flexor innervated by the femoral nerve? | Rectus femoris |
| Origin of the vastus medialis muscle? | Linea aspera of femur and intertrochanteric line |
| Insertion of the adductor brevis muscle? | Linea aspera of the femur and pectineal line. |
| Insertion of peroneus (fibularis) bevis? | Base of 5th metatarsal |
| InNERVAtion of extensor halluces longus? | Deep peroneal nerve |
| Insertion of peroneus (fibularis) tertus? | 5th metatarsal |
| Give the components which form the medial wall of the inguinal canal? | Conjoined tendon and rectus sheath |
| Define the structure of the deep inguinal ring? | Represents a gap in the transversalis fascia |
| Specifically, what forms the important conjoined tendon? | Internal oblique muscle and transversus abdominus muscle |
| Assume you are constructing a body and want the strongest possible muscular performance across a particular joint. what would you do? | Multi-pennate muscle and attach it far away from the joint |
| Name given to the CONNECTIVE TISSUE covering the smallest unit of muscle visible to the human eye? | Perimysium |
| Considering that muscle volume remains constant, what can on say when comparing the range of contraction of an unattached (free) muscle? | They are inversely related |
| Make a flow chart showing the SIMPLEST SEQUENCE of function of the nervous system? | Stimulus ----> Sensory neuron (afferent) ----> Motor Neuron (efferent) ----> Effector Organ |
| Define Ganglion? | Group of neuron cells in the PNS |
| ______________ are SPECIFIC TYPE receptors used, for example, as pain detectors in the skin. They are functionally classified (use letter) as _____. | Extroceptors. GSA |
| Classify (use letter classification) efferents to the muscles of fascial expssion. Why are they classified as such? | SVE. Because they come from the brachial arches in an embryo. |
| Define a tract? | A group of neurons fibers in the CNS |
| Superficial vein which drains the lateral part of the foot and the posterior leg? | Small saphenous vein |
| Specific landmark where popliteal artery BEGINS? | adductor hiatus |
| Beginning with the popliteal artery, make a flow chart showing the course a drop of blood would mainly take to reach the lateral compartment muscle of the leg? | Popliteal artery ---> Posterior tibial artery --- > ?? |
| Branch of femoral artery which parallels the inguinal ligament to supply skin in the area of the iliac crest? | Superficial circumflex iliac artery |
| Assuming the Sciatic nerve has been severed, would any cutaneous areas below the knee still have sensation? | Yes, the skin of the medial leg, ankle, foot, big toe via femoral nerve ---> branches saphenous nerve |
| Cutaneous branch of tibial nerve which supplies skin of the posterior calf? | Sural nerve |
| The Common PERONEAL nerve carries fibers from these spinal segments? | L4, L5, S1, S2 |
| The Tibial nerve terminates as the __________? | Medial and Lateral plantar nerves |
| Name the muscles that form the 2nd layer of the plantar foot? | lumbricals and quadratus plantae |
| Name the flexors of the knee? | Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, plantaris, popliteu, adductor magnus (posterior head), Sartorius, gracilis, gastrocnemius |
| A patient presents a sprained ankle caused by excessive EVERSION. give specific ligamentous damage? | Deltoid ligament |
| A Patient is flat footed due to flattening o the medial longitudinal arch. This would indicate what specific ligamentous damage? | Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament |
Created by:
walkingbyfaith09
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