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WGU Electoral Proces
Chapter 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Every two years | voters head to the polls to select all 435 members of the House |
| Every two years | one-third of all members of the Senate |
| Every four years | voters also indirectly select the president and vice president |
| General elections | in which the president and vice president are selected take place every four years and are known as presidential elections |
| General elections held in the even-numbered years between presidential elections are known as | congressional elections, midterm elections, or off-year elections |
| Primary Election | an election conducted within a political party to select its candidates for the general election |
| Which of the following is a method of choosing a presidential nominee? | caucus system |
| The Founders designed the electoral process to do which of the following? | ensure that the government has political legitimacy |
| How often does the Constitution require elections to be held? | every two years |
| first step for a congressional candidate pursuing a seat in the House or the Senate is | to qualify for the state ballot, which can be accomplished by either winning the nomination of a party or gathering enough signatures on a petition to run independent of a party |
| Today, party candidates for both the House and the Senate are selected through | primary elections |
| An open primary system is | one in which voters registered with a political party may choose the ballot of either party |
| In a closed primary system | voters can only vote on the ballot for the party with which they are registered |
| The second step for a congressional candidate is | to win the general election |
| plurality voting | a systemin which the single winner of the most votes wins the election |
| How may a congressional candidate qualify for the state ballot? | by gathering enough petition signatures to run autonomously of a party |
| the president is nominated and elected by | the states rather than by the national popular vote |
| What is the first step in winning the presidency? | winning the most party delegates from around the United States to support your nomination |
| How are delegates selected to participate in the parties' national conventions? | through both primary elections AND caucuses |
| What is the primary goal of frontloading in the electoral process? | exerting more influence over the selection of party presidential nominees |
| How many states held nominating elections on "Super Tuesday" in 2008? | 21 |
| The electoral college is | made up of representatives from each state who cast votes for the president and vice president |
| Article II, section 1 of the Constitution | mentions electors that are to be responsible for selecting the president and vice president |
| The 12th Amendment establishes that | electors will cast one vote for president and one vote for vice president |
| What determines the number of electors each state receives? | the number of U.S. senators and representatives from the state |
| How are electors for the electoral college chosen? | They are chosen by the political parties in each state |
| Which of the following statements about the electoral college is true? | The electoral college casts the constitutionally required, official vote for president of the United States. |
| How many electors constitute the electoral college? | 538 |
| how many electors does a presidential candidate need to win an election? | 270 |
| One advantage of using electoral college | is that it preserves the principle of federalism built into the Constitution by the Founders |
| One disadvantage of the electoral college system | is that a candidate can win the popular vote nationally and still lose the election |
| Another disadvantage of the electoral college system is | that it concentrates campaign activity in battleground or swing states |
| party-oriented strategy, | in which a candidate relies on the party's platform and record, as well as the organization's resources, to appeal to voters' partisan identification |
| issue-oriented strategy, | which is directed at groups of Americans with strong preferences toward policy on specific issues |
| candidate-oriented strategy; | a candidate using this strategy organizes the campaign efforts around his or her personal characteristics, such as experience, leadership capacity, and integrity |
| a party-centered strategy | would be less useful during the nomination process |
| A party-centered strategy | appears to be most useful when voters have less political knowledge and are more likely to rely on party identification as a shortcut for making voting decisions |
| A party-centered strategy would be more useful in which of the following? | the general election |
| Campaign financing for federal elections is | currently regulated by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) |
| The original law—known as the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)— | distinguished between hard money for candidates and soft money for campaigns |
| It targeted hard money by | limiting individual contributions to $1,000 and PAC contributions to $5,000 |
| Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission | Supreme Court upheld the limitations on hard money donations to candidates but struck down limits on the amount that individuals and organizations could spend on behalf of a candidate (in the form of advertising, for instance) |
| An individual may donate up to | $30,400 per year to a national party committee and $10,000 per year to state and local party committees |
| The limit on PAC spending was | maintained at $5,000 |
| Campaign financing for federal elections is currently regulated by which of the following? | the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act |
| Which of the following currently pertains to the use of "soft money" in campaigns? | The BCRA banned unregulated soft money donations to political parties |
| Candidates use war chests to do which of the following? | pay for advertising |
| Which of the following would be considered an especially effective way of reaching voters during political campaigns? | Email, Internet advertising, campaign websites, and Facebook |
| Electoral reforms of the late 19th century did which of the following? | lessened party control over ballot design |
| Which of the following contributed to the shift to candidate-centered campaigns? | Technological advancements, ballot reform, introduction of televisions, and political consultants |
| Which of the following accurately describes the role of modern parties in political campaigns? | Parties exercise less control over electoral politics than in the past |
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