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Dse of Resp System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Infections of the sinuses, nose, or pharynx are called? | Upper Respiratory Infection(URI) or Upper Respiratory Disease(URD) |
| Name 5 types of URI | 1. Coryza 2. Sinusitis 3. Hay Fever 4. Tonsillitis,Pharyngitis,Laryngitis 5. Influenza |
| Coryza is AKA | Common Cold |
| More than 200 different strains of viruses which are highly contagious can cause what? | Coryza |
| S/S of Coryza include: | 1. Nasal congestion 2. Copious rhinorrhea 3. Sneezing 4. Pyrexia in children 5. Pharyngitis 6. Cough |
| True or False: Recovering from coryza provides a lasting immunity | FALSE-Does not provide lasting immunity |
| Viscous yellow or green mucus secretion is indicative of what? | Secondary bacterial infection |
| Name 3 secondary bacterial infections of Coryza? | 1. Staph(staphylococci) 2. Strep(streptococci) 3. Pneumococci |
| Antipyretics,Decongestants,Antitussives,Increased fluid intake,Rest,Antibiotics are all treatments for? | Coryza (Abx only if s/s of 2ndary bacterial infection) |
| What is Sinusitis? | Inflammation of sinuses |
| Viruses,bacteria,and allergies all commonly cause what? | Sinusitis |
| S/S of Sinusitis? | 1. Facial Pain 2. Cephalalgia |
| Tx for Sinusitis includes? | 1. Antihistamines 2. Decongestants 3. Steam Vaporizer |
| Name the common causes of Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA) | 1. Deviated Nasal Septum 2. Nasal Polyps 3. Lingual and/or soft palte prolapse |
| What does Obstructive Sleep Apnea cause? | Heavy,long,and loud snoring and snorting |
| True or False: Obstructive Sleep Apnea is more commonly seen in overweight females over age 40. | FALSE-More common in Males |
| Untreated OSA increases the risk of what conditions? | 1. HTN(hypertension) 2. CVA(cerebral vascular accident) 3. DM(diabetes mellitus) 4. MI(myocardial infarction) 5. CHF(congestive heart failure) 6. Cardiac arrhythmias(dysrhythmias) 7. MDD(major depressive disorder) |
| C-PAP(continuous positive airway pressure)and Surgical repair are both treatments for what condition? | Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA) |
| Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis(SAR) is AKA? | Hay Fever |
| Allergies to pollens,ragweed,and grasses cause? | Hay Fever(SAR) |
| S/S of hay fever include? | 1. Nasal congestion and sneezing 2. Rhinorrhea 3. Cephalalgia 4. Erythematous,pruritic watery eyes 5. Tinnitus 6. Postnasal Drip |
| Tx of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis include? | 1. Antihistamines 2. Decongestants 3. Allergy desensitization(shots) |
| What is Tonsillitis? | Inflammation of the tonsils commonly caused by viruses such as flu or EBV. |
| Enlarged erythematous tonsils,Dysphagia,Pyrexia,and Pustules are all symptoms of what? | Tonsillitis |
| Strep throat is usually indicated by what S/S? | 1. Tonsillitis 2. Cervical lymphadenopathy 3. Absence of: Rhinorrhea,Sneezing,Coughing |
| List the Tx for Tonsillitis | 1. Gargling with salt water 2. Antipyretics 3. Antibiotics(for strep) |
| Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy is treatment for what condition? | Chronic Tonsillitis |
| Influenza is most commonly caused by what viruses? | Influenza A and Influenza B |
| Flu season is typically how long? | 4 months(Nov-Mar) |
| Name the S/S of Influenza | 1. Chills 2. Pyrexia 3. Cough 4. Pharyngitis 5. Sneezing and Rhinorrhea 6. Thoracodynia 7. Myalgias 8. Cephalalgia 9. Malaise 10. Vomiting and/or Diarrhea |
| True or False: Adults can transmit influenza 24hrs before and up to 5-7 days after symptoms appear | TRUE |
| For how long are children able to transmit influenza? | 7 days |
| Name the ways one can reduce the risk of contracting influenza | 1. Isolation 2. Frequent/Proper Hand washing 3. Beware of fomites 4. Refrain from touching your eyes,nose,and mouth 5. Proper diet and regular exercise 6. Annual immunization |
| Full immunization from influenza takes how long? | 2 weeks |
| Complication associated with influenza? | Pneumonia |
| Bed rest,Increased fluid intake,Antipyretics,Decongestants,Antihistamines,Antivirals are Tx for what? | Influenza |
| Prophylactic antibiotic therapy is given to which patients that have the flu? | Very young,Elderly,and Chronically ill(to prevent secondary bacterial infections) |
| Lower Respiratory Diseases(LRD)include what conditions? | 1. Chronic Bronchitis 2. Asthma 3. Emphysema 4. Cystic Fibrosis(CF) 5. Pneumoconiosis(chronic dust inhalation) 6. Pneumonia 7. Pleurisy 8. Tuberculosis(TB) 9. Bronchogenic Carcinoma(BC) |
| Chronic Bronchitis,Asthma,Emphysema,CF,and Pneumoconiosis are all considered part of which disease? | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD) |
| What is Bronchitis? | Inflammation of the bronchi |
| True or False: Bronchitis can be Acute and/or Chronic | TRUE |
| Which repirator irritants typically cause Bronchitis? | 1. Air Pollution 2. Viruses 3. Bacteria |
| S/S of Bronchitis include? | 1. Thoracodynia 2. Dyspnea 3. Productive Cough 4. Pyrexia 5. Chills |
| Bronchitis often follows what infection? | Upper Respiratory Infection(URI) |
| This LRD is most serious in young children,the chronically ill, and the elderly because of the complication of pneumonia? | Bronchitis |
| Tx of Bronchitis includes the following: | 1. Removal of irritants 2. Antibiotics for bacterial infections 3. Nebulizers |
| Asthma is characterized by? | Constriction of the walls of the bronhi and bronchioles causing stenosis and spasms |
| Bronchial spasms and stenosis during an Asthma attack cause distinctive breath sounds called? | Rhonchi(wheezing) |
| What factors can contribute to exacerbation of asthma? | 1. Respiratory Infections 2. Sudden Weather Changes 3. Psychogenic Factors(anxiety,stress) 4. Vigorous Exercise 5. Hypersensitivity to allergens |
| Allergies often can trigger what kind of attack? | Asthma |
| Avoidance of allergens,Allergy desensitization,Corticosteroids, and Bronchodilators are all treatments for what condition? | Asthma |
| What device measures the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled? | Peak Flow Meter(PFM) |
| What is the most severe form of asthma that could end in respiratory failure or death? | Status Asthmaticus |
| What common bronchodilator is used to treat status asthmaticus? | Adrenalin(epinephrine) |
| What disease is characterized by a progressive irreversible loss of elasticity of the alveoli? | Emphysema |
| Signs and Symptoms of Emphysema include? | Use of accessory muscles for normal ventilation,Dyspnea(especially exhaling),Dyspnea on Exertion,Easily Fatigued,Rales,Tachypnea,Cyanosis,Wt Loss,Barrel Chest |
| How does Emphysema affect the heart? | Cardiomegaly and CHF due to overwork |
| Patient History,Chest CT,ABG's,Spirometry all aid in the diagnosis of which disease? | Emphysema |
| Treatment for Emphysema includes? | Removal of respiratory irritants,Bronchodilator medications,Mucolytics,Spiriva,O2 Therapy,NPPV |
| What is a pneumothorax? | Air trapped in the pleural cavity |
| A collapsed lung is called? | Atelectasis |
| Name 4 types of pneumothorax? | Hemothorax,Pyothorax,Hydrothorax,Spontaneous |
| What are the signs and Symptoms of atelectasis? | Acute thoracodynia,Dyspnea,Tachypnea |
| Pleurocentesis is a procedure used to treat what condition? | Atelectasis |
| What does a chest tube do? | Aspirate the air in the pleural cavity (which lets the affected lung reinflate). |
| A hereditary disease affecting the lungs and pancreas of young children and young adults? | Cystic Fibrosis(CF) |
| What is the most serious manifestation of Cystic Fibrosis? | Copious amounts of viscous mucus secretions in the lungs causing chronic airway obstructions |
| Name the signs and symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis? | Dyspnea,Rhonchi,Persistent Cough,Viscous sputum |
| Chronic respiratory infections and atelectasis are complications of what disease? | Cystic Fibrosis |
| How is Cystic Fibrosis treated? | Antibiotics(for bacterial infections),Mucolytics,Diligent "Pulmonary Toilet" Techniques |
| What does "Pulmonary Toilet" refer to? | Deep breathing and forceful coughing, Chest physiotherapy,Postural Drainage |
| Percussion(clapping)and Vibration(shaking)are components of what treatment? | Chest Physiotherapy |
| Cystic Fibrosis also causes obstruction of pancreatic ducts that prevents secretion of pancreatic enzymes leading to what? | Malnutrition |
| Acute inflammation of a lung(s) with an accumulation of inflammatory exudate is known as? | Pneumonia |
| What are the two microorganisms which most commonly cause pneumonia? | Virus and Bacteria |
| On CXR, the inflammatory exudate is referred to as? | Consolidation |
| Thoracodynia,Pyrexia,Productive cough,Dyspnea,and Fatigue are all signs and symptoms of what disease? | Pneumonia |
| What is Lobar Pneumonia? | Inflammation of a section of a lung |
| How is Lobar Pneumonia treated? | Antibiotics and "pulmonary toilet" |
| What is Bronchopneumonia? | Diffuse Inflammation |
| How is Bronchopneumonia treated? | Antibiotics and "pulmonary toilet" |
| What is another name for Primary Atypical Pneumonia? | Walking pneumonia(may not require medical attention) |
| What is Secondary Pneumonia? | A secondary disorder from other diseases which weaken the immune system. |
| The most dangerous secondary pneumonia is a complication of? | Influenza (because this is a virus and Abx don't work against virus) |
| How is diagnosis of Pneumonia confirmed? | Chest X-ray and Sputum C+S |
| Why is pneumonia more common in the following groups of people: AIDS,DM,cancer,cirrhosis,alcoholics,elderly,children,postop patients? | Because their immune systems are weak and more vulnerable to infection |
| Resolution is? | The return of the lungs to a normal condition |
| What is Pleurisy? | Inflammation of the pleural membranes |
| Pleurisy can be a complication of? | ANY lung disease |
| What is the Primary symptom of Pleurisy? | Sharp stabbing thoracodynia on inspiration and when coughing |
| How is pleurisy treated? | Antibiotics,Analgesics,and Bedrest |
| What is a bacterial lung infection characterized by necrosis of lung tissue called? | Tuberculosis(TB) |
| If left untreated, TB can spread to what organs? | Kidneys,brain,or bone |
| How is TB transmitted? | By respiratory droplets |
| What are the signs and symptoms of TB? | SOB,Nocturnal diaphoresis,wt loss,fatigue,productive cough,thoracodynia,hemoptysis(advanced stage) |
| Early stages of TB can be? | Asymptomatic |
| How is exposure to TB detected? | Through an intradermal skin test |
| What are the 3 names for the intradermal skin test used to detect TB exposure? | PPD,tine,or Mantoux |
| Diagnosis of TB is verified by what 2 diagnostics? | CXR and Sputum CX(culture) |
| What is the lesion called that shows on the CXR of a TB patient? | Tubercle |
| Treatment for TB includes? | Antituberculine antibiotics QD for 4-9mos. |
| MDRTB is the acronym for what? | Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis |
| Bronchogenic Carcinoma(BC) arises in the bronchial tree and is commonly associated with? | Cigarette Smoking |
| True or False: BC occurs more often in women? | FALSE. BC occurs more often in men. |
| The most common TYPE of Lung cancer is? | Bronchogenic Carcinoma |
| List the signs and symptoms of BC? | persistent cough,dyspnea,hemoptysis,anorexia,wt loss,general weakness |
| Diagnosis of BC is verified by? | Bronchoscopy and Biopsy(washing) |
| Name the treatment options for BC? | Surgery(lobectomy,pneumonectomy)Radiation,Chemotherapy |
| Prognosis for BC is? | Poor(because it metastasizes so quickly) |
| The lungs are also common secondary sites for metastases from other systems such as: | Breast,GI tract,Female Reproductive System,Kidneys |
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome(SIDS) is AKA: | Crib Death |
| SIDS is the major cause of death between which ages? | 1 month and 1 year |
| There is no known cause to SIDS meaning it is? | Idiopathic |
| SIDS occurs in all types of which groups? | social,economic,racial,and ethnic |
| True or False: SIDS occurs more often in males? | TRUE |
| SIDS may be related to decreased levels of this hormone in the brain? | Serotonin |
| Premature babies,Low birth wt babies,Multiple deliveries,Infants born to teenagers,Smoking during pregnancy,Poor prenatal care,STD's during pregnancy,and UTI's during pregnancy are all risk factors for what condition? | SIDS |
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Crazymommaof2
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