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Am. His. Lesson 1
American History 30,000 B.C.-1801
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| Gradual shift from hunting and gathering to cultivating basic food crops | Agricultural Revolution |
| Exchange of plants, animals, culture, and disease between Europe and Native Americans | Columbian Exchange |
| Cultural Awakening that began in Italy and spread throughout Europe | Renaissance |
| 16th century spanish adventurers who subdued the Native Americans and created the Spanish empire in the new world | Conquistadores |
| Treaty negotiated by the pope to resolve competing land claims of Spain and Portugal in the New World | Treaty of Tordesillas |
| Labor system that granted conquistadores local villages and control over native labor | encomienda |
| a nobleman appointed to oversee the king's colonial interests | viceroy |
| the supreme judicial body | audiencia |
| 16th century religious movement to reform and challenge the spiritual authority of the Roman Catholic Church | Protestand Reformation |
| Replacement of James II by William and Mary, marking the beginning of constitutional monarchy in Britain | Glorious Revolution |
| Business enterprise that enabled investors to pool money for commercial trading activity and funding for sustaining colonies | Joint-stock company |
| Elective reresentative assembly in colonial Virginia | House of Burgesses |
| System of land distribution through which settlers were granted a 50-acre plot of land | headright |
| Individuals who contracted to serve a master for a set number of years in exchange for the cost of boat transport to America. | Indentured servants |
| Agreement among the pilgrims aboard the Mayflower in 1620 to create a civil government | Mayflower Compact |
| Member of a reformed Protestant sect that insisted on removing all Catholicism from religious practice | Puritan |
| Religious belief that moral law was necessary and that a person doesn't need help from the clergy | antinomianism |
| Members of a religious group that denied formal theology and emphasized each person's "Inner Light" | Quakers |
| an economic theory that a nation needed to export more goods than imported | mercantilism |
| Certain essential raw materials produced in the North American colonies | enumerated goods |
| A series of trade restrictions to regulate colonial trade for England to gain wealth | Navigation Acts |
| An armed rebellion in Virginia against the governor for a larger share of Indian trade. | Bacon's Rebellion |
| The court allowed reports of dreams and visions to be introduced as testimony | Spectral evidence |
| the edge of settlement extending from western Pennsylvania to Georgia | back country |
| Movement that emphasized reason to solve social and scientific problems | Enlightenment |
| Religious movement that split congregations and weakened the authority of churches | Great Awakening |
| Traveling revivalist ministers of the Great Awakening movement. | Itinerant preachers |
| Envisioned the formation of a Grand Council of elected delegates that would have powers to tax and provide for common defense. | Albany Plan |
| French and Indian War (1756-163) | Seven Years' War |
| Political faction that dominated Parliament | Whigs |
| minor bureacrats who directed routine colonial affairs | subministers |
| Principle that emphasized the power of Parliament to govern colonial affairs | parliamentary sovereignty |
| Meeting of colonial delegates to protest the Stamp Act | Stamp Act Congress |
| Violent confrontation between British troops and a Boston mob | Boston Massacre |
| Vast communication network to communicate grievances and provide colonists evidence of British oppression | committee of correspondance |
| Intolerable Acts, 4 pieces of legislation passed in response to the Boston Tea Party | Coercive Acts |
| Meeting of delegates from twelve colonies | First Continental Congress |
| Meeting that organized the Continental Army and commissioned George Washington to lead it | Second Continental Congress |
| Revolutionary tract written by Thomas Paine in January 1776 | Common Sense |
| special companies of Massachusetts milita prepared to respond instantly to military emergencies | minutemen |
| Colonists that sided with the king and Parliament | loyalists |
| Concept that ultimate political authority is vested in the citizens of the nation | republicanism |
| Fundamental rights over which the government could exercise no control | natural rights |
| United States first constitution | Articles of Confederation |
| Legislation that had plans for America's northwestern territories and prohibited slavery north of the Ohio River | Northwest Ordinance |
| Group of leaders who favored replacing the Articles of Confederation with a stronger national government | nationalists |
| Armed insurrection of farmers in western Massachusetts led by Daniel Shays | Shay's Rebellion |
| Proposal for new government with a strong executive office and two houses | Virginia Plan |
| Called for a strong central government with one house of Congress | New Jersey Plan |
| Supporters of the Constitution who advocated its ratification | Federalists |
| Critics of the Constitution who expressed concern that it didnt possess protection of natural and civil rights | Antifederalists |
| Series of essays that explained and defended the stronger national government | The Federalists |
| First ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution | Bill of Rights |
| persons who placed the protection of propery and civil order above the preservation of liberty | psuedo aristocrats |
| National bank established in 1791 | Bank of the United States |
| Social and political revolution in France that toppled the monarchy | French Revolution |
| Controvosial treaty with Britain to settle American grievances and avert war | Jay's Treaty |
| Protests by western Pennsylvania farmers resisting payment of a federal tax on whiskey | Whiskey Rebellion |
| Speech by George Washington | Farewell Address |
| Diplomatic incident in which American peace commisioners were insulted with bribe demands | XYZ Affair |
| Four laws designed to suppress criticism of the federal government and to curb foreigner liberties | Alien and Sedition Acts |
| Statements to mobolize opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts that were argued as unconstitutional | Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions |
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