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Ch. 8 Vocab Terms
The Progressive Era (1890-1920)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1.Progressivism | Movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms |
| 2.Muckraker | Writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in politices or business |
| 3.Social Gospel | Reform movement that emerged in the late nineteenth century that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles |
| 4.Settlement House | Community center organized at the turn of the twentieth century to provide social services to the urban poor |
| 5.Direct Primary | Election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections |
| 6.Initiative | Process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot |
| 7.Referendum | Process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature |
| 8.Recall | Process by which voters can remove elected officals from office before their terms end |
| 9.National Consumers League (NCL) | Group organized in 1899 to investigate the conditions under which goods were made and sold and to promote safe working conditions and a minimum wage |
| 10.Temperance Movement | Movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems created by it |
| 11.Suffrage | The right to vote |
| 12.National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) | Group founded in 1890 that worked on both the state and national levels to earn women the right to vote |
| 13.Nineteenth Amendment | Constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote |
| 14. Americanization | Belief that assimilating immigrants into America society would make them more loyal citizens |
| 15. Niagara Movement | Group of African American thinkers founded in 1905 that pushed for immediate racial reforms, particularly in education and voting pravtices |
| 16.National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) | Interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans |
| 17. Urban League | Network of churches and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work in the cities |
| 18. Anti-Defamation League | Organization formed in 1913 to defend Jews against physical and verbal attacks and false statements |
| 19. Mutualistas | Organized groups of Mexican-Americans that make loans and provide legal assistance to other members of their community |
| 20. Square Deal | President Theodore Roosevelt's program of reforms to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the power |
| 21. Helpburn Act | 1906 law that gave the government the authority to set railroad rates and maximun prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines |
| 22. Meat Inspection Act | 1906 law that allowed the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants |
| 23. Pure Food and Drug Act | 1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and the miislabeling of food and drugs |
| 24. National Reclamation Act | 1902 law that gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed through the building and management of dams and irrigation projects |
| 25. New Nationalism | President Theodore Roosevelt's plan to restore the government's trustbusting power |
| 26. Progessive Party | Political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republican Party in 1912 |
| 27. New Freedom | Woodrow Wilson's program to place government controls on corporations in order to benefit small business |
| 28. Sixteenth Amendment | 1913 constitutional amendment that gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax |
| 29. Federal Reserve Act | 1913 law that placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board, which runs regional banks that hold the reserve funds from commercail banks, sets interest rates, and supervises commercial banks |
| 30. Federal Trade Commission | Government agency established in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices, false advertisting, and dishonest labeling |
| 31. Clayton Antitrust Act | 1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act |
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